Minerals and Rock Cycle Review

Which statement best describes how sedimentary rock is formed?

• Flowing magma cooled quickly, creating many uneven layers

• Extreme pressure melted and formed minerals in uneven layers.

• Layers of sediment are deposited and compressed over a long time period.

• Separate layers of lava cooled over time, hardening at different rates

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

In order for sedimentary rock to form, which of the following must occur?

• compaction

• intrusion

• oxidation

• metamorphism

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

The processes responsible for changing sediments into sedimentary rock are compaction and _________________

• intrusion

• cementation

• stratification

• foliation

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Slate is a type of rock that forms when shale rock is exposed to heat and pressure deep under Earth's surface for thousands of years. What type of rock is slate?

• igneous

• intrusive

• metamorphic

• sedimentary

Granite is often used for decoration and sculpting because the large crystal formations are very beautiful. The large crystals are formed when magma cools slowly. What type of rock is granite?

• Igneous

• metamorphic

• sedimentary

• marble

What needs to happen for igneous rock to be transformed into sedimentary rock?

• Weathering and erosion need to wear away the igneous rock, forming particles that will eventually cement into sedimentary rock.

• Low temperatures at the poles need to freeze the igneous rock, cooling and hardening it into extremely dense sedimentary rock.

• Tectonic plates must collide near the igneous rock, driving it under the surface, where it melts into sedimentary rock.

• High pressure needs to compact the igneous rock, eventually melting it and forming sedimentary rock as it cools.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

When are igneous rocks formed?

• when layers of mud form inside Earth

• when layers of mud are compressed

• when melted rock hardens

• when solid rock melts

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Which explanation describes how metamorphic rocks are formed?

• Metamorphic rock is formed when sedimentary and igneous rocks change over time under heat and pressure.

• Metamorphic rock is formed when earthquakes shake up the rocks so they are broken into small pieces.

• Metamorphic rock is formed when sedimentary rocks are broken down over time by wind and rain.

• Metamorphic rock is formed when lava that erupts from a volcano cools in the atmosphere.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Lorna decided to study rocks while on vacation in Hawaii. Which type is she most likely to find in Hawaii?

• She will find mainly igneous rock, because Hawaii has and was formed by active volcanoes.

• She will find mainly sedimentary rock, because Hawaii has high winds and ocean currents.

• She will find mainly sedimentary rock, because Hawaii has a large amount of organic plant matter

• . She will find mainly metamorphic rock, because Hawaii always has high temperatures.

Igneous rock is formed from cooling magma. Which process will change igneous rock into sediment?

• heat and pressure

• melting

• cooling

• weathering and erosion

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2