Unit 4 Review Land Based Empires

All of the following are true of how new monarchies in Europe with certain leaders looking to centralize power by

• Controlling Taxes, the army and aspects of religion.

• New Bureaucracies were increased giving power to the national government.

• The power of the Middle class grew at the expense of the lords and the churches.

• Private armies that were controlled by the nobility began to rise in power.

In what way did Ivan IV expand his border to the east?

• He united with the reminisce of the Mongolian Golden Horde to conquer Kazan, Astrakahan, and Siberia.

• In an effort to secure the fur trade along the Volga he used Janissary to attack his enemies.

• In an effort to secure the Volga region he allowed the Stroganovs to hire peasant soldiers called Cossacks.

• In an effort to secure the Volga region he used the Crimean Tartars to subjugate the Stroganovs in the East.

What was the effect of Qing's government unsuccessful and costly campaigns in Burma and Vietnam?

• Qianlong sent armies into Tibet to install the Dalai Lama on the throne and establish a successful Himalayan trade route.

• The Qing dynasty sold limited trading privileges to the European Powers and England eventually pushed for more trading rights.

• Kangxi sent forces into Taiwan, Mongolia and Central Asia, incorporating those areas into the empire creating stability and expansion.

• The annexation of Xinjiang accompanied by the mass killings of the local population. The Muslim population called Uighers has never fully recovered.

In his invasion of Central Asia and the Middle East Tamerlane led an army of Mongol Turk invaders that created a capital in Samarkand along the Silk road, however, his empire did not last because

• Of Tamerlane's violent takeover of areas of Central Asia including the Massacre of 100,000 Hindus in Dehli.

• The Ghazi ideal the model of warrior life coercing everyone to adapt to only Tamerlane's ideals and religion.

• Tamerlane failed to leave an effective political structure in many of the areas he conquered.

• Tamerlane championed literature and he himself corresponded with European rulers and wrote his own memoirs instead of focusing on the military.

The Venetians and Ottomans battled for two centuries because

• The Crusades proved very profitable for Venice.

• the Muslim Ottomans and the Christian Venetians were natural enemies.

• trade through the Mediterranean was lucrative, and both regions wanted control.

• Venice saw itself as the natural protector of the Byzantine empire.

What were the two major problems that the Safavid empire faced?

• Conflicts with Qianlong in the east and the lack of control along the silk road and Samarkand.

• Conflicts with the Mughal empire in the east and the Navy's conflict with the Venetian navy over the control of the Eastern Mediterranean.

• Shah Abbas' use of Christian boys from Russia led to conflicts with Ivan IV of Russia and the Cossacks. Also the conflicts with Tamerlane's powerful empire.

• The Savafids did not have a real navy and they were lacking natural defenses which led to conflicts to the east and the west.

Which one of the following did NOT result in the Kings and Queens of England strengthening their Centralizing control?

• English Bill of Rights

• Divine Rights of Kings

• Justices of the Peace in Parliament

• Controlling Taxes and the Army

Which of the following was Not a way in which the French government moved toward absolutism

• Louis XIV declared "L'etat, c'est moi" declaring that he was the state and combining lawmaking and the justice system.

• Cardinal Richelieu developed a system of intendants bureaucratic elites "tax farmers". "The King First in France and France first in Europe".

• Cardinal Richelieu attacking noble fortresses like La Rochelle, and forcing all nobles to remove defenses from their forts.

• Louis XIV inviting the Nobles to come and live with him at Versailles to that he could share more of his power with them.

Which of the following was NOT a way in which Ivan IV and Peter the Great of Russia consolidated there power?

• Ivan confiscated lands of the Boyars around Novgorod and forced them to move to Moscow where he could keep an eye on them.

• Ivan established a paramilitary force loyal to him called the oprichina and since they were from the lower classes were loyal to Ivan and not the Boyars.

• Peter consolidated power by allying with his sister Sophia and the Boyar led Streltsy.

• Peter reorganized the Russian government by creating provinces eventually 50 administrative provinces with salaried positions not "living off the land"

Why did the devshirme system play such an important role in the Ottoman military and political Matters?

• It created a loyal corps of commanders and advisers among the Ottoman Christian Population.

• It perpetuated the traditions of the Turkish archers who had helped to establish the empire.

• It created a network for espionage activities in the eastern European holdings of the empire.

• It enabled the development of a strong Ottoman Navy that would transform the empire from a land-based to sea based empire.