Rhetoric and Argument

Using language, reason, and evidence to influence the thoughts and behaviors of others. Using language, reason, and evidence to influence the thoughts and behaviors of others.

• Argument

• Claim

• Tone

• Ethos

Also called an assertion or proposition, it states the argument’s main idea or position. It differs from a topic or subject in that it has to be arguable.

• Argument

• Claim

• Counterargument

• Bias

Strategies we use to make an argument persuasive. The art of finding ways to make an argument persuasive.

• Rhetoric

• Bandwagon

• Hasty Generalization

• Connotation

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

CCSS.RI. 9-10.8

CCSS.RI.11-12.8

CCSS.RI.8.5

A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text.

• Rhetorical Triangle

• SOAPS

• Floodgates

• SOAPSTone

Tags

CCSS.RI. 9-10.9

CCSS.RI.11-12.9

CCSS.RL.11-12.2

CCSS.RL.8.2

CCSS.RL.9-10.2

SOAPS: a handy mnemonic device to remember the various elements that make up the rhetorical situation.

• Subject

• Occasion

• Audience

• Purpose

• Speaker

Greek for “character.” Speakers appeal to this to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic. It is established by both who you are and what you say.

• Ethos

• Pathos

• Logos

• Kairos

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

Greek for “embodied thought.” Speakers appeal to ________ , or reason, by offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, or statistics, or expert testimony to back them up.

• Ethos

• Logos

• Pathos

• Kairos

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

Greek for “suffering” or “experience.” Speakers appeal to _________ to emotionally motivate their audience. More specific appeals to _________ might play on the audience’s values, desires, and hopes, on the one hand, or fears and prejudices on the other.

• Ethos

• Pathos

• Logos

• Kairos

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

What are common types of evidence?

• Facts

• Scholarly research

• Expert Opinion

• Data

• Statistics

Tags

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RL.11-12.1

CCSS.RL.8.1

CCSS.RL.9-10.1

An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward. Rather than ignoring it, a strong writer will usually address it through the process of concession and rebuttal.

• Counterargument

• Rhetoric

• Denotation

• Connotation