Apes unit 3

A scientist is studying a biome that experiences large seasonal fluctuations in both temperature and precipitation patterns.

Which of the following would best characterize the organisms that inhabit the biome?

• Habitat specialists would be most abundant, because they have broad niches.

• Generalists would be most abundant, because the resources available would be constantly changing.

• Generalists that feed only on animals would be more abundant in the summer months, while generalists that feed only on plants would be more abundant in the winter months.

• Specialists that live in trees would be more abundant in the summer months, whereas specialists that live in caves would be more abundant in the winter months.

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Which of the following best describes a difference between generalist species and specialist species?

• Generalists use a large range of resources, while specialists have a limited range of resources they use to survive.

• Generalists can thrive in a narrow range of environmental conditions, while specialists thrive in a variety of environmental conditions.

• Generalists are often herbivores, while specialists are often omnivores.

• Generalists are more prone to extinction than specialists are.

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A variety of plants and animals inhabit a forest ecosystem. Which statement correctly explains why certain organisms would be more likely to survive than others if a forest fire burned the area?

• Specialist species are more likely to survive because they can thrive in a narrow range of environmental conditions and they have a limited diet.

• Specialist species are more likely to survive because they can thrive in a large range of environmental conditions and can make use of a variety of different resources.

• Generalist species are more likely to survive because they can thrive in a narrow range of environmental conditions and they have a limited diet.

• Generalist species are more likely to survive because they can thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and can make use of a variety of different resources.

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Song sparrows are found in a variety of habitats, including marshes, grasslands, agricultural fields, and suburban areas. They feed on a variety of organisms, including beetles, caterpillars, snails, and earthworms. They also consume plants, including different types of grains and berries. The table below summarizes the reproductive data for song sparrows.

Based on the description and the data table above, which of the following combinations best classifies the song sparrow?

• K-strategist and generalist

• r-strategist and generalist

• K-strategist and specialist

• r-strategist and specialist

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The graphs below show changes in a population over time. The dashed line represents the carrying capacity of the species. Which of the following graphs best shows the population size of a K-selected species over time in a stable environment?

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Which of the following claims is best supported by the data in the table?

• The European toad is a K

  K-selected species because it has a Type III

  III survivorship curve.

• The black rhino is a K

  K-selected species because it provides no parental care.

• The European toad is a K

  K-selected species because it can live up to 10 years.

• The black rhino is a K

  K-selected species because it has a low number of offspring per reproductive event.

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Based on the survivorship curves shown below, which of the following is a possible reason for the change in the shape of the curve from 1900 to 1980?

• Increased immigration and decreased emigration

• Increased infant mortality rate

• Improvements in health-care services and medical research

• Decreased urbanization

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The graph below shows the three types of survivorship curves over time.

• The organism has a fairly constant mortality rate over time.

• The organism reaches reproductive maturity after many years.

• The organism produces large numbers of offspring every time it reproduces.

• The organism provides constant parental care to its offspring for several years.

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Which of the following claims best supports the classification of bees as an organism that displays a Type II

II survivorship curve, as shown in the graph above?

• Queen bees are capable of laying up to 2,000 eggs in one day.

• Away from the colony, bees experience a constant probability of death per unit time as a foraging species.

• Bees communicate using chemical signals and exchange information through vibration of their wings.

• Populations of bees are declining in North America due to habitat loss and pesticide use

Based on the trends shown in the table, in which of the following years was the owl population at carrying capacity?

• 1985

• 1990

• 2015

• 2020

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