6E Mutations

The model shows a mutation to a partial sequence of bases in a gene. Which type of mutation does the model demonstrate?

• deletion

• insertion

• substitution

• translocation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Exposure to the building material asbestos has been linked to certain types of cancers. Asbestos causes mutations in the p53 gene, which controls tumor suppression. Which statement best explains why people with cancer due to asbestos exposure do not pass the mutation on to their offspring?

• the mutation occurred in gametic cells

• the mutation occurred in somatic cells

• the mutation is recessive

• the mutation is sex-linked

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A mutation in which types of cells would only affect the organism and not future generations?

• egg cell and liver cell

• sperm cell and egg cell

• nerve cell and brain cell

• sperm cell and lung cell

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A certain mutation in the gene for hemoglobin results in the red blood cells becoming sticky, rigid, and irregularly shaped. These irregularly shaped red blood cells block the flow of blood throughout the body. A single base mutation is responsible for these irregularly shaped blood cells. Which of these mutations most likely results in the mutated hemoglobin gene?

• insertion

• deletion

• duplication

• substitution

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Different types of mutations can occur in DNA. The diagram represents a type of mutation. Which statement describes the mutation in the diagram?

• a silent mutation results in the insertion of a different amino acid

• a substitution occurs with the adenine base

• a deletion of a cytosine base occurs

• a base is inserted into one strand of the DNA

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide?

• a nuclear membrane is ruptured

• amino acids do not bond to tRNA

• a codon sequence is incorrect

• transportation of mRNA does not occur

The survival of a species depends on its ability to adapt to changes in the environment. A species must be capable of surviving and reproducing despite changes to food sources, climate, or threats from predators. Which statement correctly describes a way that mutations increase the likelihood that a species will survive in a changing environment?

• mutations are a source of variation in the species

• mutations are the cause of disease in the species

• mutations are not harmful when they occur in somatic cells of the species

• mutations are always passed on to subsequent generations of the species

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

The table shows a DNA sequence and three types of mutations that can change the DNA sequence. Which mutation will cause translation to stop?

• mutations 1 and 3 only

• mutation 1 only

• mutation 2 only

• mutations 1, 2, and 3

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A segment of DNA produces methionine, threonine, histidine, aspartate, and glycine when translated. A substitution mutation occurs and causes the synthesis of the segment as shown. Which is the new peptide chain when the new DNA segment is translated?

• methionine, leucine, histidine, aspartate, glycine

• methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, aspartate, glycine

• methionine, proline, histidine, aspartate, glycine

• methionine, serine, histidine, aspartate, glycine

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

In the 1960s the molecular biologist George Streisinger developed the strand-slippage hypothesis. Streisinger noticed that mutation occurred in areas of DNA that contained many repeated sequences. When a strand-slippage error occurs, an insertion mutation can result. How does the insertion mutation affect the DNA?

• nitrogenous bases are added

• nitrogenous bases are exchanged

• nitrogenous bases are damaged

• nitrogenous bases are deleted

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2