Logical Fallacies First Set

Ignores someone's actual argument and presents a distorted or oversimplified version instead

• false cause

• straw man

• bandwagon

• circular argument

"Everytime I wash my car it rains; therefore, washing my car makes it rain."

• ad hominem

• false cause (post hoc, ergo propter hoc)

• strawman

• bandwagon

Joan is scratched by a cat while visiting her friend. Two days later she comes down with a fever. Joan concludes that the cat's scratch must be the cause of her illness.

• False Causation- Post hoc, ergo propter hoc

• Appeal to False Authority

• Bandwagon appeal

• Faulty Analogy

President Reagan was a great communicator because he had the knack of talking effectively to the people.

• Faulty cause

• Ad Hominem

• Circular Reasoning

• Strawman

An argument that assumes the truth of what it is trying to prove.

• hasty generalization

• circular reasoning (begging the question)

• straw man argument

• ad hominem

The conclusions that one thing caused another simply because one happened before the other.

• false dichotomy

• false causation--post hoc, ergo propter hoc

• circular reasoning

• guilt by association

An argument that wrongly assumes there are only two possible positions.

• false dichotomy

• false causation

• appeal to nature

• hasty generalization

Tags

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RL.11-12.1

CCSS.RL.8.1

CCSS.RL.9-10.1

"The Cardinals are the best football team because they're better than all the other teams."

• hasty generalization

• circular reasoning

• straw man argument

• ad hominem

Tags

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RL.11-12.1

CCSS.RL.8.1

CCSS.RL.9-10.1

"Every time I go to sleep the sun goes down. Therefore, my sleeping causes the sun to set."

• false dichotomy--two when there are more possibilities

• false causation--post hoc, ergo propter hoc

• circular reasoning

• guilt by association

• False dichotomy--only two choices when there are more.

• False authority--relies on the opinion of someone who isn't a relevant expert.

• Ad hominem--attacks the person, not the argument, when the person'a character isn't at stake.

• Says one thing happens because of another thing when we only know it happened afterwards--False Causation.