AP Civil Rights and Civil Liberties

Civil liberties are best described as

• protections of specific citizens' rights from encroachment by the government.

• protections against discrimination by the government and private citizens

• protections for various forms of expression that are vital to American political life

• protections specifically designed to protect minorities in the nation.

Which of the following correctly describes the concept of prior restraint?

• The government attempting to prevent something from being published by the press

• The right of individuals to plan, coordinate, and execute peaceful methods of protest

• The punishment of individuals for making statements critical of the government

• The Supreme Court blocking government action on the grounds that it is unconstitutional

When the process of incorporation is referred to as "selective," it is in reference to the fact that

• the Court only incorporates a right in some cases but not all.

• incorporation has happened on an amendment-by-amendment basis.

• extension of rights may be withheld from some groups, such as students.

• decisions from those cases do not set precedent for future cases.

Dr. Martin Luther King's message in "Letter from Birmingham Jail" was heavily insistent upon which of the following?

• Using the Women's Rights movement as a model for African Americans

• Why grandfather clauses and poll taxes should be illegal

• The importance of due process

• Civil disobedience as a means to achieve a goal

The extension of marriage rights to same-sex couples was done under which of the following justifications?

• Those rights fall under the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment.

• Denying those rights does not pass the intermediate scrutiny used for sex discrimination.

• The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was interpreted to outlaw such discrimination.

• A person's choice in spouse was a private matter, protected by the 4th amendment.

As part of the Women's Right Movement, Title IX attempted to take the concept of equal protection under the law and extend it to the realm of

• private employment.

• college admissions.

• abortion rights.

• educational programs.

A Supreme Court justice votes in favor of overturning a major public university's affirmative action program. The justice asserts that the application of the Constitution must be free of all racial considerations, even beneficial ones. This justice most likely identifies as

• libertarian.

• liberal.

• conservative.

• socialist.

Same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry based on the 14th amendment equal protection clause.

• Griswold v. Connecticut

• Obergefell v. Hodges

• Loving v. Virginia

• Roe v. Wade

A 2010 decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that independent expenditures (political spending) by corporations, associations, and labor unions is free speech protected by the 1st Amendment and so cannot be limited by federal law. Upheld bans on direct contributions to candidates. Lead to creation of super PACs & massive rise in amount of third party electioneering

• Citizens United v. FEC

• McDonald v. Chicago

• Texas v. Johnson

• Snyder v. Phelps

A 1989 case in which the Supreme Court struck down a law banning the burning of the American flag on the grounds that such action was symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment.

• Citizens United v. FEC

• McDonald v. Chicago

• Texas v. Johnson

• Snyder v. Phelps