The diagram provided shows a food web that exists within a forest ecosystem.

Which of the following displays the correct order of energy transfer based on the food web below?

• The rabbit receives energy from the deer.

• The mouse receives energy from the coyote.

• The grass receives energy from the butterfly.

• The squirrel receives energy from the grasshopper.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

When you sweat, breathe heavily, and feel your heart pounding- it doesn't just mean you are having a good workout. These physiological factors are also vital to your body maintaining a state of homeostasis. Homeostasis is the regulatory process in your body to maintain a constant, steady environment. Exercise affects your body temperature, blood oxygen levels, sugar levels. Which of the following properties of water most likely helps your body maintain homeostasis during intense exercise?

• cohesive ability

• acting as a universal solvent

• ability to moderate temperature

• capability to expand upon freezing

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Summer solstice is the longest day of the year, meaning it is the day of the year with the most sunlight. The following chart gives information on the hours of sunlight in the following cities.

Assuming the temperature, humidity and weather patterns were similar and consistent throughout the cities, predict how the extended hours of light impact the hydrologic cycle in different areas of the United States?

• Miami will have low precipitation.

• Chicago will have low percolation.

• Fairbanks will have high evaporation.

• Los Angeles will have high condensation.

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In an ecosystem, which trophic level has the least amount of available energy?

• producer

• tertiary consumer

• primary consumer

• secondary consumer

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Precipitation is one of the main processes involved in the water cycle. It involves the formation of water falling to the ground from clouds and transforming into either rain, snow, sleet, or hail. Water falling from clouds is able to form a rain drop because of which of the following properties of water?

• cohesive ability

• universal solvent

• expansion upon freezing

• moderation of temperature

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Water is absorbed in plants from the ground through roots. The xylem is a structure required for plants to transport water from the roots to the rest of the plant. This water is important for plants to perform cellular functions, like photosynthesis. If a community of trees were to be infected with a disease that prevented the roots from absorbing water, which graph below would most clearly demonstrate the effect the disease would have on the water cycle in that area?

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. Fossil fuels are involved in the carbon cycle and are currently our world’s primary sources of energy. They are formed from organic matter over the course of millions of years.There has been a growing concern about people's dependence on fossil fuels. The graph below shows the use of fossil fuels over time.

According to the text and data collected, how has fossil fuel usage over time affected the carbon cycle?

• Increased combustion of fossil fuels will encourage higher rates of respiration.

• Decrease combustion of fossil fuels will deplete our carbon reserves found underground.

• Increased combustion of fossil fuels will lead to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

• Decreased combustion of fossil fuels will lead to more available carbon for photosynthetic organisms.

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A marine ecosystem is represented below

What do the arrows represent that are pointed to the “X” in the above chart?

• energy that is being lost as heat

• extra living space for the organisms

• food sources leaving the environment

• return of energy to the soil from decomposition

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

The food web provided represents organism interactions in a sagebrush-steppe ecosystem.

Which of these organisms directly receives energy captured by the producers?

• hawks

• snakes

• mountain lions

• ground squirrels

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

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A food web is shown in in the diagram below.

Predict the long term effects of energy transfer on the ecosystem above, if the removal of the insectivorous birds population occurred?

• The energy available for the producers would increase.

• The energy available for the tertiary consumers would decrease.

• The energy available for the primary consumers would decrease.

• The energy available for the secondary consumers would increase.

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