Evolution

Evolution can occur at different rates; however, for evolution to occur there must be.

• variations within a species

• extinction of the species

• asexual reproduction

• no changes in the genes of an organism

Natural selection produces changes most quickly in

• species with short reproductive cycles

• individual pathogens killed by antibiotics

• complex multicellular organisms

• individuals that produce a smaller number of offspring

Antibiotics are substances used to help fight an infection of Streptococcus, a bacterium that causes strep throat. Overuse of these antibiotics can

• prevent future infections by these pathogens

• causes a decrease in the production of enzymes

• allow organic molecules to be synthesized

• select for resistant organisms

A man lifts weight and develops large arm muscles. His son has a larger muscles than his father had at the same age. According to Lamarck's theory, this situation is due to

• competition between father and son

• survival of the fittest

• inheritance of acquired characteristics

• mutagenic agents

A chemical was added to hand sanitizers and dish detergents to kill bacteria. Certain species of bacteria are no longer killed by this chemical. Only likely reasons for the decreased effectiveness of this chemical is that these bacteria have

• a mutation for resistance

• slower metabolic rates

• been selectively bred for survival

• an adaptation to a different niche

When antibiotics were first developed, most infectious diseases could be controlled by them. Today, certain bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics. One possible explanation for this change is that

• the antibiotics killed most of the bacteria that did not have a genetic variation for resistance

• the bacteria needed to change in order to produce more antibiotics

• some of the bacteria learned how to resist the antibiotics

• antibiotics have become weaker over the years

Many animals have developed courtship behaviors. Males will often dance, swim, or sing in a particular way to attract female. Males who are more successful at the courtship behavior will have a greater chance of having offspring. This behavior is an example of

• natural selection

• genetic engineering

• asexual reproduction

• gene manipulation

Fossils provide evidence that

• life on Earth millions of years ago was more complex than life today

• the changes that will occur in species in the future are easy to predict

• many species of organisms that lived long ago are now extinct

• most species of organisms that lived long ago are exactly the same as the ones that live today

Many scientists suggest that billions of years ago, life on Earth began with

• simple, single-celled organisms

• simple, multicellular organisms

• complex, single-celled organsims

• complex, multicellular organisms

Which statement is most closely related to the modern theory of evolution?

• Characteristics that are acquired during life are passed to offspring by sexual reproduction.

• Evolution is the result of mutations and recombination, only.

• Organisms best adapted to the change environment are most likely to reproduce and pass their genes to offspring.

• Asexual reproduction increases the survival of species.