Topic 4: Renaissance and Reformation Test

Which of the following best describes the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael?

• An Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance, celebrated for the perfection and grace of his paintings and drawings.

• A time for cultural awakening in Europe often referred to as a "rebirth".

• a cultural movement that celebrated the individual and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought.

• Wealthy people who sponsored art

Which of the following best describes the Italian Renaissance?

• An Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance, celebrated for the perfection and grace of his paintings and drawings.

• A time for cultural awakening in Europe often referred to as a "rebirth".

• a cultural movement that celebrated the individual and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought.

• Wealthy people who sponsored art

Which of the following best describes Humanism?

• An Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance, celebrated for the perfection and grace of his paintings and drawings.

• A time for cultural awakening in Europe often referred to as a "rebirth".

• a cultural movement that celebrated the individual and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought.

• Wealthy people who sponsored art

Which of the following best describes a Patron?

• An Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance, celebrated for the perfection and grace of his paintings and drawings.

• A time for cultural awakening in Europe often referred to as a "rebirth".

• a cultural movement that celebrated the individual and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought.

• Wealthy people who sponsored art

Leonardo da Vinci is often referred to as a true “Renaissance Man.” Why has he come to symbolize the spirit of the era?

• His paintings, the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper are superlative examples of expressionism and perspective, and are the most famous of the era.

• His scientific works showed a level of genius that was confirmed by his prediction of technologies that would not exist for centuries.

• He excelled at everything he did, bringing him in line with the heroic intellectual stature of the ancient Greek gods who helped inspire the Renaissance.

• His interests and body of work spanned many subjects, media, and disciplines, reflecting the quest for knowledge and the spirit of creative adventure that embodied the Renaissance era.

What central idea that Erasmus strived to achieve is implicit in this quotation?

“Only a very few can be learned, but all can be Christian, all can be devout, and—I shall boldly add—all can be theologians.”—Erasmus

• to promote the benefits of the printing revolution

• to form theocratic societies based on a simpler version of Christianity

• to make religion more accessible by translating the Bible into the vernacular

• to form a Protestant Church that is free from the corrupt dictates of papal rule

How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?

• It erupted into turmoil, resulting in greater religious conflict including the persecution of witches and the split of the Church of England.

• It enacted its own reforms, attempting to end corruption with a renewed emphasis on morality and discipline.

• It compromised by embracing the Calvinist ideas of predestination, going so far as to institute theocratic communities.

• The Inquisition established pious new religious orders including the Jesuits and an order of nuns led by Teresa of Avila.

Which scientist was responsible for the heliocentric model of the universe?

• Galileo Galilei

• René Descartes

• Isaac Newton

• Nicolaus Copernicus

What was the eventual result of the scientific contributions of René Descartes and Francis Bacon?

• A new, step-by-step scientific method resulted, based on inquiry, experimentation, and observation.

• A new body of science called chemistry was established, which proposed that all matter is composed of tiny particles.

• Mathematics was applied to the movement of planets, in which laws of gravity were observed and established.

• The geocentric view of the universe was discarded despite Church pressure in favor of the heliocentric model.

What general conclusion did Isaac Newton’s observation of gravity have on the way we understand the universe?

• The law of gravity is the force that explains why the sun is at the center of the solar system.

• The law of gravity is one of several natural forces that explains and governs the motion of the planets and stars.

• The laws of physics use gravity to help illustrate and model a form of higher mathematics called calculus, in part developed by Newton.

• Gravity was the missing link that was needed to link astronomy, physics, and mathematics.