BM2 Practice

The model shows the one-way flow of energy through a series of trophic levels in the food chain. Which mathematical relationship best describes the trends shown in the model?

• energy at lower trophic level = 0.1 x energy at next trophic level

• energy at lower trophic level = 0.15 x energy at next trophic level

• energy at lower trophic level = 10 x energy at next trophic level

• energy at lower trophic level = 15 x energy at next trophic level

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The diagram here is called a trophic pyramid. It shows trophic levels of a grassland habitat. The size of each trophic level represents biomass, with producers representing the largest amount of biomass.

Which of the following best explains the unique shape of the trophic pyramid?

• The higher levels of the pyramid are smaller due to human interference with those organisms.

• Decomposers work more rapidly breaking down animal tissue than plant tissue

• The organisms on the lower level of the pyramid tend to be smaller in size

• The higher levels of the pyramid are smaller due to the inefficiency of energy transfer.

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Scientists can radioactively label elements to track them as they move through a chemical reaction. The reaction shows the formation of glucose during photosynthesis. The asterisk shows radioactive oxygen.

In an experiment, a scientist adds radioactive oxygen to different parts of the environment in which he grows his plants. Based on the chemical equation, adding radioactive oxygen in which component would produce radioactive glucose?

• CO2 in air

• water

• energy

• fertilizer

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Which of the following provides the best evidence that living things use and recombine carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen to form molecules for new cells?

• The elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are among the most common elements in the universe,but are not the most common elements on Earth.

• The cells of living things contain molecules made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the same elements found in the glucose consumed by living things.

• The elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are able to bond with each other to form complex molecules that are chains of repeating structures.

• The relative amounts of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen found in the earth’s atmosphere have changed over the history of the planet during which living things evolved

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Which of these is an example of an environment in which natural selection would NOT occur?

• All offspring have the same chance of survival.

• Offspring inherit beneficial and detrimental traits from parents

• Some offspring have a physical trait that helps the organism compete more successfully.

• There is genetic diversity in the population due to mutation and/or sexual reproduction

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

The data tables show the number of individuals in a lizard population exhibiting certain traits before and after a ten-year drought.

What conclusions are supported by the data? Choose the two correct answers.

• Brown-skinned lizards may have been affected less by the drought conditions.

• Larger-bodied lizards may have been naturally selected by the drought conditions

• Green-skinned lizards seem to have been naturally selected by the drought conditions.

• Smaller-bodied lizards seem to have been naturally selected by the drought conditions.

• Not enough lizards were killed off by the drought to determine natural selection’s effects.

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In some species of anglerfish, the male fish are parasites of the females. When a male anglerfish comes into contact with a female, he bites her body and eventually fuses with her, losing all internal organs except for his testes. Which of these best explains why this relationship exists?

• It ensures that all offspring will be genetically identical.

• It reduces the amount of resources available to anglerfish females.

• It increases the reproductive success of anglerfish females and males

• It benefits male anglerfish survival while harming female anglerfish.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

The peppered moth, Biston betularia, has two forms. A white-bodied form and a dark-bodied form. The table provided shows the percentage of each type of the peppered moth in a population over several years.

This evidence can best be used to support which of the following conclusions?

• A new predator of the peppered moth was introduced between 1965 and 1985

• The trait for a white-body became more advantageous between 1965 and 1985.

• Dark-bodied moths obtained more resources between 1965 and 1985.

• The habitat requirements of dark-bodied moths changed between 1965 and 1985.

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A species of amphibian defends itself against predators by producing a toxic compound in its skin cells. Biologists observed that only snakes living in regions that overlap with the amphibian had a resistance trait to the toxin. Which statement best explains the cause of this resistance?

• After biting the amphibian, the snakes developed resistance and then passed this trait on to their offspring

• Snakes without the resistance migrated to different areas to avoid the amphibian, leaving snakes with the resistance in the same area as the amphibian.

• All snakes had resistance to the toxin long ago, but those snakes living outside the range of the amphibian did not need the trait and eventually lost it.

• Snakes living in the area of the amphibian happened to have resistance to the toxin, which allowed these few to survive and pass on the resistance trait to their offspring.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

A population of 2,000 deer lived on a plateau. In 1906, all hunting of the deer was banned, natural predators were exterminated, and sheep and cattle, which competed with the deer, were banned from the plateau. The graph shows the deer population in the years following this.

Which statement regarding factors affecting deer population is supported by the data in the graph?

• From 1920 to 1924, competition for limited resources managed the deer population.

• From 1915 to 1920, predation managed the deer population.

• From 1925 to 1930, resource scarcity was the most influential factor on the changing deer population

• From 1925 to 1930, lack of competition for resources was the most influential factor on the changing deer population.

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