APUSH Midterm Review - Periods 1 through 3

“In 1739 arrived among us from Ireland the Reverend Mr. [George] Whitefield, who had made himself remarkable there as an itinerant preacher. He was at first permitted to preach in some of our churches; but the clergy, taking a dislike to him, soon refused him their pulpits, and he was obliged to preach in the fields. The multitudes of all sects and denominations that attended his sermons were enormous. . . . It was wonderful to see the change soon made in the manners of our inhabitants. From being thoughtless or indifferent about religion, it seemed as if all the world were growing religious, so that one could not walk thro’ the town in an evening without hearing psalms sung in different families of every street.”
- Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
1. Whitefield’s impact suggests that religious culture among British North American colonists in the 1700s was most directly shaped by

• Roman Catholic Influences
• interest in commerce and business
• trans-Atlantic exchanges
• reliance on agriculture

“In 1739 arrived among us from Ireland the Reverend Mr. [George] Whitefield, who had made himself remarkable there as an itinerant preacher. He was at first permitted to preach in some of our churches; but the clergy, taking a dislike to him, soon refused him their pulpits, and he was obliged to preach in the fields. The multitudes of all sects and denominations that attended his sermons were enormous. . . . It was wonderful to see the change soon made in the manners of our inhabitants. From being thoughtless or indifferent about religion, it seemed as if all the world were growing religious, so that one could not walk thro’ the town in an evening without hearing psalms sung in different families of every street.” 
- Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
2. Whitefield’s open-air preaching contributed most directly to which of the following trends?

• The growth of the ideology of republican motherhood
• Greater independence and diversity of thought
• Movement of settlers to the backcountry
• The pursuit of social reform

“In 1739 arrived among us from Ireland the Reverend Mr. [George] Whitefield, who had made himself remarkable there as an itinerant preacher. He was at first permitted to preach in some of our churches; but the clergy, taking a dislike to him, soon refused him their pulpits, and he was obliged to preach in the fields. The multitudes of all sects and denominations that attended his sermons were enormous. . . . It was wonderful to see the change soon made in the manners of our inhabitants. From being thoughtless or indifferent about religion, it seemed as if all the world were growing religious, so that one could not walk thro’ the town in an evening without hearing psalms sung in different families of every street.” 
- Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
3. The preaching described in the excerpt is an example of which of the following developments in the 1700s?

• The emergence of an idea of republican self-government
• The beginning of calls for the abolition of slavery
• The increased influence of the Enlightenment
• The expansion of Protestant evangelism

The map most directly depicts the

• inland expansion of the colonial population
• effects of industrialization
• pattern of American Indian resistance
• decline of tobacco production

The pattern of colonial settlement up to 1700 resulted most directly from which of the following factors?

• The large size of British colonial populations relative to American Indian populations
• British recognition of Native American sovereignty
• The orientation of the British colonies toward producing commodities for export to Europe
• British government attempts to impose greater control over the colonies in the late 1600s

The change in settlement patterns from 1700 to 1775 had which of the following effects?

• A decrease in the coastal population
• An increase in conflicts between British settlers and American Indians
• A decrease in the economic importance of slavery and other forms of coerced labor
• An increase in trade with French Canada

The change in settlement patterns from 1700 to 1775 best explains the

• development of economic differences between the northern and southern colonies
• colonists’ difficulties in effectively resisting the British military during the American Revolution
• significant proportion of colonists who remained loyal to Great Britain during the American Revolution
• growth of social tensions between backcountry settlers and coastal elites

“[H]istory and experience prove that foreign influence is one of the most baneful foes of republican government. . . . Excessive partiality for one foreign nation and excessive dislike of another cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one side and serve to veil and even second the arts of influence on the other. . . . The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns.”
-George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796
The concerns expressed by Washington were a response to the

• debate over the proper treatment of American Indian tribes in the transAppalachian West
• dispute over the possibility of annexing Canada from Great Britain
• controversy regarding support for the revolutionary government of France
• conflict with Great Britain over the treatment of American Loyalists

“[H]istory and experience prove that foreign influence is one of the most baneful foes of republican government. . . . Excessive partiality for one foreign nation and excessive dislike of another cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one side and serve to veil and even second the arts of influence on the other. . . . The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns.” 
-George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796
The ideas expressed in Washington’s address most strongly influenced which United States foreign policy decision in the twentieth century?

• The establishment of the United Nations in 1945
• The formation of the NATO alliance between the United States and Western Europe in 1949
• The refusal to join the League of Nations in 191
• The oil embargo against Japan in 1941

“[H]istory and experience prove that foreign influence is one of the most baneful foes of republican government. . . . Excessive partiality for one foreign nation and excessive dislike of another cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one side and serve to veil and even second the arts of influence on the other. . . . The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns.” 
-George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796
Which of the following groups most strongly opposed Washington’s point of view in the address?

• Democratic-Republicans
• New England merchants
• Southern plantation owners
• Federalists