This Japanese political office ruled as effective dictator of Japan through military might:

• Shogun

• Samurai

• Emperor

• Manchu

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'Shogun' because this title refers to the military leaders who effectively ruled Japan as dictators, wielding power over the samurai and the emperor, especially during the feudal period.

Name this German monk credited with beginning the protestant schism/reformation

• Pope Pius

• Henry VIII

• Jean Calvin

• Martin Luther

Answer explanation

Martin Luther was a German monk who initiated the Protestant Reformation by posting his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517, challenging the practices of the Catholic Church and leading to significant religious changes in Europe.

If you were a citizen of the Safavid Empire which modern day country would you likely inhabit?

• Greece

• Turkey

• Iran

• Saudi Arabia

Answer explanation

The Safavid Empire was primarily located in what is now modern-day Iran. Therefore, if you were a citizen of the Safavid Empire, you would likely inhabit Iran.

Name (in chronological order) the two Chinese dynasties which followed Mongol rule

• Manchu, Ming

• Zhou,  Han

• Manchu, Yuan

• Ming, Manchu

Answer explanation

The Mongol Empire ruled China through the Yuan Dynasty. After its decline, the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) succeeded it, followed by the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty (1644-1912). Thus, the correct order is Ming, Manchu.

What Russian city replaced Moscow as capital following Tsar Peter's reforms?

• Minsk 

• Kiev

• Yekaterinburg

• St. Petersburg

Answer explanation

St. Petersburg was established by Tsar Peter the Great in 1703 and served as the capital of Russia, replacing Moscow. This change was part of Peter's efforts to modernize and westernize Russia.

Who was the first wife of infamous King Henry VIII

• Catherine of Aragon

• Anne Boleyn

• Jane Seymour

• Catherine Parr

Answer explanation

Catherine of Aragon was the first wife of King Henry VIII. They married in 1509, but their marriage was annulled in 1533 after she failed to produce a male heir, leading to Henry's break with the Catholic Church.

The founder of the Mughal Empire

• Akbar

• Aurangzeb

• Babur

• Osman Bey

Answer explanation

The founder of the Mughal Empire is Babur, who established the dynasty in 1526 after his victory at the Battle of Panipat. Akbar and Aurangzeb were later prominent rulers, but Babur was the first to lay the foundation.

Founder of the Safavid Empire

• Shah Ismail

• Shah Abbas

• Osman Bey

• Akbar

Answer explanation

Shah Ismail was the founder of the Safavid Empire, establishing it in 1501. He is known for promoting Twelver Shi'ism as the state religion, which significantly influenced the region's culture and politics.

Founder of the Ottoman Empire

• Osman Bey

• Suleiman the Magnificent

• Shah Ismail

• Aurangzeb

Answer explanation

Osman Bey is recognized as the founder of the Ottoman Empire, establishing its foundations in the late 13th century. Suleiman the Magnificent, Shah Ismail, and Aurangzeb were significant figures in later periods, not founders.

The concept of Divine Right of Kings is most closely associated with which of these European monarchs?

• King Henry VIII

• King Charles II

• King Charles V

• King Louis XIV

Answer explanation

The Divine Right of Kings is most closely associated with King Louis XIV, who famously declared "L'état, c'est moi" (I am the state), embodying the belief that monarchs derive their authority directly from God.