Period 4 Review & Jackson

The policy suggested in the image was most directly a response to which of the following early nineteenth century historical development?

• The continued conflicts between Britain and France in the Napoleonic Wars

• The expansion of Mexico into present-day California, Utah, and New Mexico

• The successful independence movements by Latin American countries

• The armed rebellion of Texas against the government of Mexico

Which of the following best describes the message in the political cartoon above regarding the Monroe Doctrine?

• It was incredibly ineffective at protecting South America from involvement in European wars.

• It protected Latin America from United States expansion.

• It crafted the belief that the United States had the God-given right to expand westward.

• It declared that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits to European intervention.

“The rapid deterioration of wooden machinery created powerful incentives to fashion equipment out of brass, iron, and steel, which required more precise fabrication of hard metal parts. Improved grinding and milling machines, drills, metal planes, and machine tools of all types poured forth from workshops in France, Great Britain, and America. These innovations allowed toolmakers to perfect rough castings and fit ever-faster speeds. Everything from clocks and watches to farm machinery and railway locomotives benefited over and over again from the constant improvement of the tools for making machines.”

-Source: John Lauritz Larson, “The Market Revolution in America, Liberty, Ambition, and the Eclipse of the Common Good,” 2010

Which of the following most directly contributed to the developments described in the excerpt?

• The emergence of interchangeable parts and improvements to manufactured technology

• The addition of new territory after Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from France

• The growth of factories that practiced the “Lowell System” as a means of maintaining efficiency

• The spread of canals and railroads as a byproduct of Henry Clay’s American System

Which of the following was a significant cause of the trend from 1800 to 1840 as shown in the graph?

• The creation of barbed wire

• The increase in the supply of cotton

• The reemergence of the Atlantic Slave Trade

• The development of the Cotton Gin

_{-Source: William L. Sheppard, “The First Cotton-Gin,” Wikimedia Commons 1869}

The activity shown in the image contributed most directly to which of the following?

• A decline in the need for enslaved labor

• An increase in the number of Northern textile factories

• An increase in the price of Southern cotton

• A decrease in international trade

“Compare his condition with the tenants of the poor houses in the more civilized portions of Europe–look at the sick, and the old and infirm slave, on one hand, in the midst of his family and friends, under the kind superintending care of his master and mistress, and compare it with the forlorn and wretched condition of the pauper in the poorhouse. . . I turn to the political; and here I fearlessly assert that the existing relation between the two races in the South, against which these blind fanatics are waging war, forms the most solid and durable foundation on which to rear free and stable political institutions. . . The condition of society in the South exempts us from the disorders and dangers resulting from this conflict; and which explains why it is that the political condition of the slaveholding States has been so much more stable and quiet than that of the North. . .” ---Source: John C. Calhoun, “Slavery as a Positive Good,” Teaching American History, 1837

Which of the following statements best summarizes Calhoun’s argument about the difference between wage labor and enslaved labor?

• Enslaved people in the South had more freedoms than the wage worker in the North and in Europe.

• Enslaved people in the South were healthier than the wage workers in the North and in Europe.

• Enslaved people in the South were more cared for than the wage workers in the North and in Europe.

• Enslaved people in the South were more devout and more literate than the wage workers in the North and in Europe.

-Source: User: Citynoise, Wikimedia Commons

A significant long-term result of the major pattern depicted on the map was which of the following?

• The North and West developed a strong relationship because they were linked through transportation networks.

• The South sought to industrialize to keep up with the North and West as they continued to modernize.

• The federal government began limiting westward expansion to reduce conflicts with indigenous nations.

• The federal government offered citizenship to immigrants who were willing to industrialize the West.

“The question before us is the right of suffrage— who shall or who shall not have the right to vote. The committee have presented the scheme they thought best; to abolish all existing distinctions, and make the right of voting uniform. Is this not right? . . . The principle of the scheme now proposed is, that those who bear the burthens [sic] of the state, should choose those that rule it. — There is no privilege given to property, as such; but those who contribute to the public support, we consider as entitled to a share in the election of rulers.” --Nathan Sanford, excerpt from the Report of the Debates and Proceedings of the Convention of the State of New York, 1821

The ideas expressed in the excerpt contributed most directly to which of the following?

• expansion of citizenship to formerly enslaved persons

• extension of the right to vote to all white males

• spread in the belief that there is an inherent goodness of people and nature

• creation of new tariffs for manufactured goods

“By the middle of the nineteenth century, thus, the nation had taken significant steps in the direction of universal white male suffrage. Spurred by the development of the economy, shifts in the social structure, the dynamics of party politics, the diffusion of democratic ideals, the experiences of war, and the need to maintain militias, the states, the federal government, and municipalities all had dismantled the most fundamental obstacles to the participation of men in elections. . . “The expansion of the suffrage in fact played a key role in the enormous upsurge of political participation in the 1830s and 1840s, when turnout in some locales reached 80 percent of all adult male citizens.”---Source: Alexander Keyssar, “The Right to Vote: the Contested History of Democracy in the United States,” 2009

Which of the following pieces of evidence from 1820 to 1850 would best support the author’s argument in the excerpt?

• data showing the average socioeconomic status of white men

• C. data showing the change in how many electoral votes are allocated to each state

• data showing population growth in Western territories

• data showing the percentage of the voting eligible population that voted in presidential elections

“In debate, Democrats and Whigs alike employed the rhetoric of American republicanism, invoking popular ‘virtue’ against ‘corruption,’ though Democrats used it to denounce the money power and Whigs to denounce executive usurpation. Democrats more often looked to invoke Lockean natural rights; Whigs, Anglo-American traditions of resistance to monarchical misrule. Both traced their origins to Republicanism. . . For all that they had in common as American republicans, however, the Whigs and Democrats differed markedly in their conception of America’s future. They disagreed not simply over means but also over ends. The goals of the two parties’ voters added up to rival visions of the national destiny.” ---Source: Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, 2007

The patterns described in the excerpt most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments?

• the rise in reform movements led by middle-class women to solve social problems, like child labor

• the establishment of political machines to gain votes for their political parties in exchange for favors

• the growth in sectional differences between the two parties, eventually leading to the Civil War

• the increased interest in establishing a secret ballot and voter registration to reduce corruption in political elections