Birth Defects

The development of a zygote, embryo, and fetus before birth

• prenatal development
• hereditary
• chromosomes
• genes

Traits that always show in a person even if only one gene of the pair is inherited for the trait

• chromosomes
• genes
• dominant traits
• recessive traits

An abnormality, present at birth, that affects the structure or function of the body and may threaten a baby’s health

• cystic fibrosis
• recessive traits
• prenatal development
• birth defect

A hereditary disease that results in secretion of thick mucus that blocks internal passages, including those of the lungs, causing respiratory infections. The pancreas is also affected, resulting in a deficiency of digestive enzymes and impaired nutrition

• cystic fibrosis
• muscular dystrophy
• sickle cell anemia
• PKU (phenylkentonuria)

A progressive weakness and shrinking of the muscles most commonly inherited

• sickle cell anemia
• muscular dystrophy
• PKU (phenylkentonuria)
• Tay-Sachs disease

A genetic disorder characterized by a broad skull, blunt facial features, short stature, and learning difficulties; caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21

• cystic fibrosis
• Tay-Sachs disease
• sickle cell anemia
• Down syndrome

Caused by inheriting defective recessive genes from both parents, and is misshapen red blood cells

• sickle cell anemia

• PKU (phenylkentonuria)

• Tay-Sachs disease

• Down syndrome

Giving birth to more than one child at a time

• hyperovulation
• multiple births 
• rubella 
• fetal alcohol syndrome 

Things and people in a person’s surroundings (ex. mother’s health, family, friends, home, community, life experiences)

• hereditary
• environmental 
• Tay-Sachs
• PKU

A condition that babies may be born with when the mother drinks during pregnancy; symptoms include shaking, crying…

• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
• Rubella 
• Tay Sachs 
• cerebral palsy