APES Chapter 9: Sustaining Biodiversity

Introduced species can become pests because they;

• Produce only a few young after a long period of gestation.

• Inhabit only niches that have recently become available after the local extinction of another species.

• Can live in many niches, easily adapting to many variables and eating a wide variety of food.

• Have a low genetic variability, enabling them to live in a wide variety of habitats.

• Increase biodiversity because they attract more species to the areas in which they settle.

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Which of the following are ways that an invasive species may enter an aquatic ecosystem?

I. Releasing the ballast water of ships.

II. Dumping household aquariums into lakes.

III. Escaping a coastal aquaculture farm.

• I only.

• II only.

• III only.

• I and II only.

• I,II, and III.

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Presently, the biggest threat to biodiversity is;

• Asteriod strikes, such as what happened 65 million years ago and resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.

• Human population growth, because as population increases, so does the number of plants and animals it consumes, resulting in a decrease of those organisms.

• Habitat destruction, such as cutting down portions of tropical rain forest, which destroys the niches occupied by tropical organisms.

• The proliferation of zoos and botanical gardens, causing causing people to care less about preserving species in the wild because they are being cared for those in sanctuaries.

• Climate change, because it will result in many species moving northward or to higher elevations, seeking out suitable new habitats.

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Which of the following is least likely a cause of a species becoming endangered?

• Introduction of invasive species

• Selective breeding in zoos

• Overhunting

• Habitat destruction

• Pollution

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The depleation of the world's marine fish stocks due to overfishing is an example of;

• The sustainable use of resources.

• The competitive exclusion principle.

• The failure of international treaties.

• The eminent domain principle.

• The tragedy of the commons.

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The sale of a large forest to a developer causing the building of roads, logging, and urban development would most likely lead to;

• An increase in the number of indicator species because the loss of species durring development would cause the remaining species to become indicators.

• An increase in biodiversity because niches are created along roads where the trees are cut down and in new urban areas.

• A net increase in available biomass because more sunlight is available for autotrophs.

• A loss of biodiversity because of habitat fragmentation, since small populations of species are more vulnerable to predation, competition, and disease.

• A decrease in invasive species because they would have a difficult time surviving in fragmented land that has lost many of its resources.

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Which of the following would prevent invasive species from being introduced and becoming established?

I. Inspecting foreign goods before they enter the country.

II. Allowing ships to discharge their ballast water as they enter a port.

III. Establishing international treaties, banning the transfer of species across borders.

• I only

• II only

• I and II only

• II and III only

• I and III only

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Which of the following international treaties bans the hunting, capture, and sale of threatened or endangered species in 181 countries?

• Endangered Species Act (ESA)

• The National Marine Fisheries Act

• The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITIES)

• National Enviornmental Policy Act (NEPA)

• The Marine Mammal Protection Act

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Biological extinction occurs when;

• A species becomes extinct in a specific area, such as the gray wolf in the American Northeast.

• A species is found nowhere on earth, such as the passenger pigeon.

• Additional species are preyed upon, such as when bats adapt their ecolocation ability to hear moths whose ears had adapted to hear the sound frequencies of bats.

• There is a loss of indicator species, such as if a population of butterflies quickly declines in an area where they previously had been plentiful .

• An event, such as a volcanic eruption, results in some members of a species becoming seperated from other members, and ultimately each group becomes genetically different and can no longer interbreed and produce offspring who can interbreed.

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The continuous natural extinction rate of species which is typically balanced by the formation of new species is known as;

• Mass extinction.

• Background extinction.

• Ecological extinction.

• Biological extinction.

• Instrumental extinction.

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