Genetics: The Science of Heredity

Which of the following traits is influenced by both inheritance and environmental factors?

• the ability to sing well

• the ability to cough

• natural hair color

• dyed hair color

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant from a genetic cross between two hybrid tall pea plants?

• one in four

• two in four

• three in four

• four in four

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NGSS.MS-LS3-2

What did Gregor Mendel do to study different characteristics in his genetics experiments?

• He studied only asexual plants.

• He studied only tall and short pea plants.

• He cross-pollinated plants.

• He cross-pollinated both plants and animals.

What does the notation TT mean to geneticists?

• two dominant alleles

• heterozygous alleles

• at least one dominant allele

• one dominant and one recessive allele

What does a Punnett square show?

• all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross

• only the dominant alleles in a genetic cross

• only the recessive alleles in a genetic cross

• all of Mendel's discoveries about genetic crosses

An organism's GENotype is its

• GENetic makeup

• feather color

• physical appearance

• stem height

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NGSS.MS-LS3-1

A purebred chicken with white feathers is crossed with a purebred chicken that has black feathers. Each of their offspring has both black and white feathers. Why does this happen?

• Both alleles for feather color are dominant.

• Both alleles for feather color are recessive.

• The alleles for feather color are neither dominant nor recessive.

• Several alleles work together to determine the trait.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?

• Chromosomes are carried from parents to offspring on hybrids.

• Genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes.

• Hybrid pairs of chromosomes combine to form offspring.

• Codominant genes combine to form new hybrids.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

What happens during meiosis?

• Two sex cells combine.

• Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed into new sex cells.

• Hybrid pairs of chromosomes combine to form offspring.

• Codominant genes combine to form new hybrids.

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NGSS.MS-LS3-2

Which term refers to PHysical characteristics that are studied in genetics?

• PHenotype

• offspring

• generations

• hybrids