CRM 2.1 Review

The excerpt below is from Alfred Thayer Mahan's Influence of Sea Power upon History, published in 1890.

"England's naval bases have been in all parts of the world and her fleets have at once protected them, kept open the communications between them, and relied upon them for shelter... Colonies attached to the mother-country afford, therefore, the surest means of supporting abroad the sea power of a country... Britain's power was everywhere that her ships could reach."

In this book, Mahan urged Americans to build a large navy and acquire colonies as Britain had. What other strategy did Mahan advocate for the United States to succeed as a naval power?

• developing an air force

• having a large standing army

• placing military bases in Europe

• building a canal through Central America

“Mr. President, the times call for [honesty]. The Philippines are ours forever, “territory belonging to the United States,” as the Constitution calls them. And just beyond the Philippines are China’s [unlimited] markets. We will not retreat from either. We will not repudiate our duty in the archipelago. We will not abandon our opportunity in the Orient.”

- Senator Albert J. Beveridge to the U.S. Senate on January 9, 1900.

Based on this speech, what conclusion can be made about the views of American imperialists in 1900?

• They intended to spread the democratic form of government to China.

• They feared the growing economic and naval power of the Japanese Empire.

• They believed that the acquisition of the Philippines was unconstitutional.

• They saw the Philippines as a useful base for increasing American trade with East Asia.

Which factor is most closely associated with the decision of the United States to declare war on Spain in 1898?

• isolationist policy

• labor union pressure

• yellow journalism

• unrestricted submarine warfare

What was the motivation behind building the Panama Canal, as referenced in the cartoon?

• create an easier access between the Atlantic and the Pacific

• to be in compliance with the Platt Amendment

• to decrease trade with other countries

• to decrease the exposure of yellow fever to US soldiers

Why was Tampa chosen as the stagin location for the U.S. military during the Spanish-American War?

• Tampa was the closest Florida city to Cuba.

• Tampa had the needed infrastructure, including railroads and hotels.

• Tampa was the location of the only military bases in Florida.

• Tampa was a major tourist attraction in Florida and served as a vacation spot for members of the military.

Why did imperialism suddenly become more popular in the United States by the end of the 19th century?

• Americans felt it was against the principles of democracy to rule over others.

• Americans wanted to sell goods to new markets and buy raw materials for new industries.

• Americans wanted to rule others because America had once been a British colony.

• Americans feared imperialism would bring the United States into conflict with other powers.

The diagram provides details about the United States involvement in the Philippines during the early 1900s.

Which phrase completes the diagram?

• U.S. Senate refused to annex the Philippines

• Filipino leaders invite the U.S. to annex the Philippines

• American businessmen overthrow the local ruler of the Philippines

• U.S. forces fight a three year war against Filipino rebels seeking independence

The political cartoon below depicts William McKinley at the onset of the Spanish-American War.

Use your knowledge of U.S. history to choose the statement below that most accurately summarizes the drawing.

• McKinley looked for any provocation from Spain since he eagerly wanted to go to war so that the U.S. could secure new territories such as Cuba.

• McKinley wanted to secure new territories, but took cautious steps before proceeding to war with Spain.

• McKinley cared little for new territories; rather his major concern was furthering the labor union movements within the U.S.

• Imperialism played only a minor role in U.S. policies during the late 19th century.

What was the greatest physical challenges that workers had to face during the construction of the Panama Canal?

• building a railway to carry supplies and equipment

• cutting through hills and jungles

• draining swamp lands

• insects carrying malaria and yellow fever

Which American city served as the main port of embarkation for the “Rough Riders” and other American forces sent to Cuba during the Spanish-American War?

• New Orleans, Louisiana

• Jacksonville, Florida

• Galveston, Texas

• Tampa, Florida