AP Biology Cell Communication

An example of LOCAL cell communication is:

• White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info

• Neurons communicating across a synapse

• Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues

An example of DIRECT cell communication is:

• White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info

• Neurons communicating across a synapse

• Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues

Which of the following would be an example of paracrine signaling in animals?

• neurotransmitter acetylcholine
• hormone epinephrine
• neurotransmitter norepinephrine
• growth factor

A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a

• ligand
• second messenger
• protein kinase
• receptor protein

What is a G protein?

• specific type of membrane-receptor protein
• protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane
• membrane-bound enzyme
• relay protein

Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?

• cAMP
• G Protein
• protein kinase
• protein phosphatase

What do second messengers do?

• transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
• relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
• relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
• dampen the message

Signal amplification is most often achieved by

• an enzyme cascade
• binding of multiple signals
• branching pathways
• action of adenylyl cyclase

What does a protein kinase do?

• removes phosphates
• transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
• activates an enzyme

What does a protein phosphatase do?

• removes phosphates
• transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
• activates an enzyme with a signal molecule