Basic Genetics

What is genetics?

• The study of heredity.
• The unit of inheritance that carries instructions for traits.
• Structures in the nucleus that carry genes.
• Genetic materials that make up genes.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

What is the meaning of homozygous?

• Combination of the same alleles
• Combination of different alleles
• Expressed with a single copy of the allele
• Requires two alleles to be expressed

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is the meaning of heterozygous?

• Combination of the same alleles
• Combination of the different alleles
• Expressed with a single copy of the allele
• Requires two alleles to be expressed

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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Define phenotype.

• Genetic make-up of a trait.
• Physical expression of a trait.
• Tool used to display potential probabilities for offspring.
• The amount of genes in a given population.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Brown eyes are dominant over blue.  Sam has brown eyes.  Is it likely that both of his parents have blue eyes?

• yes
• no

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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Dark hair and no dimples are the dominant forms of these traits.  Jack's mom has dark hair and no dimples and his dad has blonde hair with dimples.  Which traits are most likely for Jack?

• blonde hair and dimples
• dark hair and dimples
• dark hair and no dimples
• blonde hair and no dimples

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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Which genotype represents a recessive trait?

• AA
• Aa
• aa

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Tall plants are dominant.  Which statement is true of the plant offspring using this Punnett Square?

• 50% of the offspring will be short.
• 75% of the offspring will be tall.
• 100% of the offspring will be heterozygous.
• 25% of the offspring will be tall.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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____ of offspring would have the same phenotype as the parents if the cross was Yy by Yy?

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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The young of an animal or plant is called ______________________.

• puppy
• baby
• seed
• offspring

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1