STAAR Review Short

Which table shows two steps of DNA replication?

• 
• 
• 
• 

This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle. What do the two arrows represent?

• Arrow 1 represents Prophase, Arrow 2 represents Interphase

• Arrow 1 represents Mitosis, Arrow 2 represents Meiosis

• Arrow 1 represents Interphase, Arrow 2 represents Mitosis

• Arrow 1 represents meiosis, Arrow 2 represents Prophase

People who have leukemia, a cancer that affects white blood cells, are often given Cytarabine. This drug inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Which phase of the cell cycle is most affected by Cytarabine?

• G₁ Phase

• S Phase

• G₂ Phase

• M Phase

The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome. Which cell is in the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?

• Cell 1

• Cell 2

• Cell 3

• Cell 4

Cells pass through a G₂ Checkpoint before entering mitosis. Ideally, if DNA damage is detected, the cells do not enter mitosis until the damage is repaired. Why is DNA damage repaired before cells enter mitosis?

• So that another round of DNA sythesis does not have to take place

• So that the chromosomes can align at the metaphase plate during mitosis

• So the cytoplasm can be divided equally between the two daughter cells

• So that healthy daughter cells are produced, allowing the organism to continue growing

Recent studies in bone research indicate that using ultrasound on a broken bone can decrease the healing time by 25%. Which of these are the most basic levels of organization involved when a bone heals?

• Cells and tissue

• Cells and organ system

• Organ system and organism

• Tissue and organ system

During the final stages of human gestation, receptors for the hormone oxytocin increase on the smooth muscle cells of the uterus. The release of oxytocin during labor stimulates the smooth muscle tissue in the wall of the uterus. The vigorous contraction of the uterine smooth muscle helps push the baby through the birth canal so that delivery can occur. This process involves the interaction of which organ systems?

• Endocrine and muscular only

• Endocrine and reproductive only

• Endocrine, muscular, and reproductive

• Endocrine, reproductive, and excretory

Scientists studying illnesses caused by chemically contaminated food conduct research to minimize the effects of these diseases on society. These chemicals harm the body through interactions between the digestive system and the immune system. Scientists conducting this research are likely to describe which of these interactions between the digestive and immune systems?

• Chemicals enter the immune system through a break in the skin. The chemical contamination is then passed to the digestive system by the circulatory system.

• The immune system transforms the chemicals in the contaminated foods into harmless chemicals. These harmless chemicals are then broken down by the digestive system.

• When contaminated foods are eaten, the immune system prevents the chemicals from entering the digestive system.

• Chemicals enter the digestive system through contaminated foods. Once in the body, the chemical contaminants impair the body’s ability to fight off infectious diseases.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Kidneys are part of the excretory system in a human body. They purify the impure blood and send it back to the rest of the body. Which system is mainly responsible for the transport of plasma to the kidneys?

• Respiratory system

• Circulatory system

• Muscular system

• Nervous system

The table shows some observations made by four students during a field trip to a nature area.

Which student made observations of a community of organisms?

• Student 1

• Student 2

• Student 3

• Student 4

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-2