Chapter 18 Volcanoes

describes all the processes associated with the discharge of magma, hot water, and steam

• Volcanism

• Conduit

• Viscosity

• Flood Basalts

unusually hot are in Earth’s mantle where high-temperature plumes of mantle material rise to the surface

• Volcanism

• Hot Spot

• Fissure

• Conduit

huge amounts of lava that erupt from fissures

• Flood Basalts

• Conduit

• Crater

• Tephra

long crack in Earth’s crust

• Conduit

• Hot Spot

• Fissures

• Sill

a tube-like structure that allows lava to the reach the surface

• Vent

• Conduit

• Caldera

• Pluton

opening in Earth’s crust through which lava erupts and flows out onto the surface

• Vent

• Conduit

• Sill

• Dike

bowl-shaped depression that forms around the central vent at the summit of a volcano

• Caldera

• Crater

• Fissure

• Conduit

large crater that can form when the summit or side of a volcano collapses into the magma chamber during or after an eruption

• Conduit

• Caldera

• Flood Basalts

• Cinder Cone

broad volcano with gently sloping sides built by nonexplosive eruptions of basaltic lava that accumulates in layers

• Shield Volcano

• Cinder Cone

• Composite Volcano

steep-sided, generally small volcano that is built by the accumulation of tephra around the vent

• Shield Volcano

• Cinder Cone

• Composite Volcano