BENCHMARK

The architectural example is common throughout much of Western Europe. This type of architecture reflects the cultural influence of —

• Cultural convergence in Europe

• Greek philosophy in Europe

• Christian values in Europe

• wealthy donors in Europe

How was most of the labor supplied to sugar plantations in Brazil during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

• By indentured servants

• By the Columbian Exchange

• By the indigenous populations

• By the trans-Atlantic slave trade

Many people living in Central America have modified the physical environment by —

• to stop the full force of hurricanes

• building dams to control flooding along rivers

• cutting down rainforests to clear land for farming

• burning volcanic rock as a source of fuel

The listed men made a lasting contribution to European culture by —

• creating folktales and stories

• introducing new political ideas

• producing master works of art

• composing famous symphonies

The work of art shown above continues to be studied by artists around the world. It was produced by a famous Italian artist of the European Renaissance. What is the title of this work?

• Self-Portrait

• Mona Lisa

• Last Supper

• The Knight’s Bride

Which European nation attempted to colonize Haiti and left an ongoing cultural legacy on Haitian society?

• HOLLAND

• PORTUGAL

• FRANCE

• ENGLAND

What geographic feature helps Peru and Chile to protect their eastern boundary?

• Andes Mountains

• Amazon River

• Pacific Ocean

• Lake Titicaca

The Canada/United States region is described as highly urbanized. Urbanization in the region was primarily caused by —

• migration within the region from rural areas

• immigration to the region from South America

• economic depression in the agricultural regions

• the creation of free trade zones within the region

The Columbian Exchange introduced which economic activity into South American culture?

• Tobacco cultivation

• Railroad building

• Terrace farming

• Cattle ranching

According to the author of the excerpt, one impact of Mexican immigration to the United States includes —

• changing language patterns of the regions

• altering the look of cities in the region

• spreading religious traditions to the region

• introducing new forms of art in the region