Thermal Energy Heat Transfer 2023

In some places, hot water from underground can shoot up into the air through a hole in the ground. When this happens, the ground surrounding the water increases in temperature. What happens to the molecules in the ground when the temperature of the ground increases?

• More heat molecules combine with the molecules in the ground.

• The energy of the molecules in the ground decreases.

• The energy of the molecules in the ground increases.

• The cold energy of the molecules in the ground decreases.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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A chef needs to increase the temperature of a food dish. She thinks she can do this by stacking another dish on top of it. She has three dishes to choose from for the top dish: A, B, and C.

Which one of these dishes would make the food dish the warmest when placed on top of it? As part of your answer, explain how the energy and temperature of both the top dish and the food dish will change when the food dish warms up, and why.

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Use the information in the diagram to answer the question. 

How does the temperature of the outer layer compare with the temperature of the inner layer before the layers touch? What will happen after the layers have been touching for a while?

• Before the layers touch, the outer layer is hotter than the inner layer. Once the layers are touching, the outer layer will transfer kinetic energy to the molecules in the cooler inner layer until both layers reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

• Before the layers touch, the outer layer is hotter than the inner layer. Once the layers are touching, the cooler inner layer will gain kinetic energy until the molecules of both layers have an energy of 90, because hotter things increase the temperature of cooler things.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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Joseph puts a piece of toast on a plate. The toast is hot from the toaster. When he puts the toast on the plate, the energy of the plate increases. What must be true of the energy of the toast?

• Its energy stays the same while the energy of the plate increases.

• Its energy decreases while the energy of the plate increases.

• Its energy increases while the energy of the plate increases.

• It is impossible to know without data on the number of molecules in each object.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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Engineers design computers to cool down quickly so they do not break. What happens to the molecules in a computer when the temperature of the computer decreases?

• The energy of the molecules in the computer increases.

• The energy of the molecules in the computer decreases.

• The cold energy of the molecules in the computer increases.

• The cold energy of the molecules in the computer increases.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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Select all that is true about the picture below.  Object A has two molecules and Object B has 3 molecules. Select all that is true about the picture below.

• Object A has a Total Kinetic energy of 4KJ

• Object A and B are NOT in equilibrium

• Object A and B are in equilibrium.

• Object B is hotter than Object A

• Object B has more thermal energy than Object A

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

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 Nistu is cooking rice in a pot. When she leaves the pot on the stove for a while, the temperature of the rice increases. What happens to the molecules of the rice when the temperature of the rice increases?

• The energy of the molecules in the rice increases.

• The cold energy of the molecules in the rice decreases.

• The energy of the molecules in the rice decreases.

• More heat molecules combine with the molecules in the rice.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

The diagram above shows the pipes now, before they have touched. Use the information in the diagram to answer the question.

How does the temperature of the front pipe compare with the temperature of the back pipe before the pipes touch? What will happen after the pipes have been touching for a while?

• Before the pipes touch, the two pipes are different temperatures. Once the pipes are touching, the kinetic energy and cold energy will transfer between the molecules in the two pipes until both pipes reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

• Before the pipes touch, the front pipe is hotter than the back pipe. Once the pipes are touching, the front pipe will transfer kinetic energy to the molecules in the cooler back pipe until both pipes reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

• Before the pipes touch, the front pipe is hotter than the back pipe. Once the pipes are touching, the cooler back pipe will gain kinetic energy until the molecules in both pipes have an energy of 100, because hotter things increase the temperature of cooler things.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

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 A gram (g) measures _____________. 

• Mass
• weight
• length
• density

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

• True
• False