Motivation and Emotion

It is characteristic of robins to build nests. This is an example of:

• homeostasis
• drive
• need
• instinct

A need refers to:

• a physiological state that usually triggers motivational arousal.
• an aroused or activated state that is often triggered by a psychological need.
• anything that is perceived as having positive or negative value in motivating behavior.
• a desire to perform a behavior due to rewards or threats of punishment.

For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce:

• homeostasis.
• a drive.
• an instinct.
• the set point.

Homeostasis, which is the goal of drive reduction, is defined as:

• a desire to perform behavior in return for rewards.
• a rigidly patterned behavior characteristic of an entire species.
• an aroused or activated state that is often triggered by a physiological need.
• the body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state.

Professor Sanford explains that the need for physical safety must be met before city dwellers will be motivated to form close friendships with fellow citizens. Professor Sanford is providing an example of:

• set points.
• a hierarchy of needs.
• homeostasis.
• erotic plasticity.

Hunger controls are located within the brain's:

• hypothalamus.
• medulla.
• temporal lobe.
• amygdala.

Researchers use biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis to understand eating disorders. The social-cultural level of analysis is especially likely to emphasize that eating disorders are influenced by:

• a natural wariness of unfamiliar foods.
• mass media standards of appearance.
• bouts of depression and anxiety.
• the universal idealization of thinness.

Foolish conformity to peer pressure is most likely to be motivated by ________ needs.

• safety
• belongingness
• achievement
• self-actualization

Jeff, who is 14, engages in rigorous tennis drills or competitive play at least four hours every day because he wants to master the sport and play on one of the best college teams in the country. His goal and behavior best illustrate the concept of:

• set point.
• 360-degree feedback.
• human factors psychology.
• achievement motivation.

Hans Selye referred to the body's response to stress as:

• the fight-or-flight response.
• the general adaptation syndrome.
• Type B behavior.
• psychophysiological illness.