Biol160 Chapter 13

The similarity in bone structure and arrangement between cats and bats suggests that:

• bats originated from bird-like ancestors.

• bats originated from four-legged ancestors, such as cats.

• modern bats fly much faster than ancient bat species.

Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection as the mechanism of evolution based on three observations about nature. Which of the following were part of Darwin’s observations? (Select all that apply)

• Populations have the potential to produce more individuals than the environment can support

• Individuals in some populations have varied characteristics

• Variation in individuals appears to be inherited

• Heterozygous individuals can have the evolutionary advantage

Natural selection acts on genetic variation. The ultimate source of genetic variation is mutation in the DNA (or RNA in some organisms). However, in sexually reproducing organisms with a long generation time, what process(es) account(s) for individual variation? (Select all that apply)

• Random fertilization

• Crossing over

• Independent assortment

• Nondisjunction

Which fossil is the oldest?

• A

• B

• C

• D

The fossil record is a complete record of past life.

• True

• False

What point represents the common ancestor of all the species in the tree?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-3

What point represents the most recent common ancestor of alligators, turtles, dogs, monkeys, and humans?

• A

• B

• C

• D

According to the tree, humans are descended from monkeys.

• True

• False

Which of the following is false?

• Species that are closely related have similar DNA sequences

• Advantageous mutations are often preserved in the DNA code

• Harmful mutations are selected against and tend to be eliminated

• If a species needs a certain trait to survive, it is more likely to have a mutation in its DNA

How did the first land animals develop limbs?

• They wanted to walk on land to find more food and escape predators, so their fins became stronger

• They practiced walking and made their fins stronger

• A random mutation occurred causing individuals to have stronger limbs and was passed on to offspring.

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