Module C Exam Prep

Which statement describes the flow of matter and energy in decomposers?

• A decomposer digests living organisms to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide.

• A decomposer uses carbon dioxide, water, and energy from the sun to produce oxygen and sugars.

• A decomposer consumes dead or dying organisms to produce oxygen and sugars.

• A decomposer breaks down decaying matter to produce energy and release nutrients back into the environment.

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Photosynthetic algae live within the tissues of the organisms that build coral reefs. The coral organisms provide the algae with carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. The algae supply the corals with oxygen, sugar, and amino acids. Which statement best summarizes the sources of energy in the relationship between algae and coral?

• Algae get their energy from sunlight and pass the energy to corals in the form of carbon dioxide.

• Algae capture chemical energy from the sun, and corals use the energy from the sun to form sugar molecules.

• Algae use energy from the sun and store it in chemical bonds in sugar. Corals use energy stored in the bonds of sugar molecules.

• Algae use chemical energy stored in the bonds of sugar molecules to produce solar energy. Corals use solar energy to power cellular processes.

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During photosynthesis, energy from sunlight is stored as chemical energy. How will the plant be able to release the energy in order to use it?

• by forming bonds of sugar

• by breaking bonds of water to form new molecules

• by breaking bonds of sugar to form new molecules

• by breaking bonds of oxygen to form new molecules

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Decomposers cycle matter and energy between which of these?

• water and soil

• producers and consumers

• dead organisms and scavengers

• remains of living things and the environment

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Drought is a weather condition that may limit the amount of water in an ecosystem. Which of the following may be one result of drought?

• Fish populations may decline due to lower river levels.

• Flowering plants may produce more seeds due to lack of water.

• Predator populations may increase due to increased prey populations.

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When ecosystems experience disturbances, the effects can be wide ranging. Consider a marine ecosystem where all of the sharks are lost due to overfishing. What chain of events could then follow this disturbance?

• The remaining fish species would also decline.

• Populations of other large fish would increase.

• Populations of other predators would immediately increase.

• Species that were food for sharks would increase in population size.

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A farmer wants to increase the species biodiversity on his farm. Which of these actions would be most effective?

• plant large numbers of many different types of crops on the farm

• raise a few organisms of many different species of plants and animals on the land

• genetically modify the seeds of one crop in order to introduce new genes to the population

• focus on growing only one type of crop and increase the number of pollinators available

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Which ecosystem would scientists consider to be the most stable?

• a coral reef that is fished by native people several times a day

• a tropical rainforest that is being cut down to make room for farmland

• a temperate forest where all the tree trunks have been damaged by beetles.

• a savanna that retains the same number of species even when a drought occurs

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Sometimes ecosystems change. These changes can be natural or human caused. Some ecosystems can recover from a disturbance and some ecosystems cannot. Which of these ecosystems would be most likely to recover?

• a temperate forest with average biodiversity that loses many types of trees due to a fire

• a desert that has low biodiversity and loses all of the saguaro cacti that are growing there

• a tropical rainforest with high biodiversity that loses a species of fig tree due to a type of fungus

• a coral reef with low genetic diversity in corals that loses many coral species due to an increase in water temperature

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Four groups of students are designing fish tanks to represent biodiversity. Each group has listed the organisms it plans to include in its tank. Which tank will have the highest overall biodiversity?

• seven angelfish

• three angelfish and two seahorses

• two types of coral, two types of algae, an angelfish, and a ghost shrimp

• five angelfish, one type of coral, one type of algae, and two seahorses

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