Absolutism & Enlightenment Test Review

Enlightened thinkers and scientists of the 17th and 18th centuries based their beliefs on what two things?

• power and privilege

• money and fame

• Church and Absolutism

• reason and logic

How did the Reformation spark both the Enlightenment and scientific revolution

• By legitimizing the supremacy of the Catholic Church

• By arguing and challenging tradition and authority

• By eliminating Christianity in Europe

• By arguing for a return to feudalism

A form of government where one person holds unlimited and complete control of the state without any restrictions on power is

• Direct democracy

• Absolute monarchy

• Representative democracy

• Constitutional monarchy

Many European absolute monarchs justified their right to rule based on

• Supreme Law

• Divine Right

• Papal authority (Pope's permission)

• Their popularity

The English political philosopher who argued all humans are born with natural rights including life, liberty, and property was

• Jean Rousseau

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Voltaire

• John Locke

The French political philosopher who believed in separating powers of government into different branches to avoid abuse of power was

• Jean Rousseau

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Voltaire

• John Locke

Thomas Hobbes supported which form of government?

• A republic

• A direct democracy

• An absolute monarchy

• He argued against any form of government. (Anarchy)

Also known as the "Sun King, " this absolute monarch transformed France into a European superpower in the 17th century?

• Charles I

• Louis XIV

• Peter the Great

• Napoleon III

The westernization and modernization of Russia came mostly through

• Sweden's invasion of Russia

• Actions and policies of Peter the Great

• The Edict of Nantes

• The October Revolution by Vladimir Lenin

Which Enlightenment thinker believed in freedom of speech?

• Voltaire

• Hobbes

• Locke

• Wollstonecraft