Ch 8 Test Review Game, pt 2

All cells contain cell membranes. Which of the following describes the composition of cell membranes?

• Cell membranes are composed of carbohydrate chains, which allow all materials to enter & leave the cell.

• Cell membranes are composed of cellulose, which provide rigidity for the cell.

• Cell membranes are composed of cytoplasm, which allows proteins to be excreted by the cell.

• Cell membranes are composed of lipid molecules, which provide a flexible structure.

What is the correct sequence of how cells produce and distribute proteins in eukaryotic cells?

• proteins assembled on ribosomes, modified on the rough E.R., modified, sorted & packaged at the Golgi apparatus

• proteins assembled on ribosomes, modified, sorted & packaged at the Golgi apparatus, modified on the rough E.R.

• proteins are modified, sorted & packaged at the Golgi apparatus, modified on the rough E.R., & assembled on ribosomes

• proteins are modified, sorted & packaged at the Golgi apparatus, assembled on ribosomes, & modified on the rough E.R.

Which of the following describes the process?

• The model shows the process of active transport because the solute particles are moving from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

• The model shows the process of bulk transport because the solute particles are moving from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

• The model shows the process of diffusion because the solute particles are moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

• The model shows the process of osmosis because the solute particles are moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. How does the cell maintain homeostasis in this environment?

• There is no movement of water molecules into or out of the cell because the concentrations of solute particles inside and outside the cell are the same.

• Water will move across the cell membrane to the inside of the cell because the cell has a higher concentration of solute particles than the solution.

• Water will move across the cell membrane to the outside of the cell because the solution has a higher concentration of solute particles than the cell.

• Water will move across the cell membrane in both directions because the concentrations of solute particles inside and outside the cell are the same.

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What type of transport is modeled?

• The model illustrates active transport because energy is required for solute particles to cross the cell membrane.

• The model illustrates diffusion because solute particles are moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

• The model illustrates facilitated diffusion because protein channels allow solute particles to cross the cell membrane.

• The model illustrates osmosis because water molecules are moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Chlamydomonas is a genus of single-celled photosynthetic algae. Which of the following is NOT a way that chlamydomonas maintains homeostasis?

• The reproductive system of chlamydomonas contains specialized cells that enable the organism to reproduce both sexually and asexually.

• Chlamydomonas contains a chloroplast and produces its own food via photosynthesis.

• Waste products leave chlamydomonas through diffusion.

• Chlamydomonas is able to grow by absorbing minerals and through photosynthesis.

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Mature mammalian red blood cells, called erythrocytes, have no nucleus, ribosomes, or mitochondria. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes is rich in hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen. The large amount of hemoglobin allows the red blood cells to carry the large amount of oxygen cells need for the high rate of metabolism in mammals.

Based on the structure of erythrocytes, how do red blood cells help maintain homeostasis in mammalian organisms?

• Oxygen diffuses into and out of red blood cells to maintain homeostasis. The biconcave shape of erythrocytes provides an increased surface area on the cells for diffusion to occur.

• Oxygen enters red blood cells via endocytosis and exits red blood cells via exocytosis to maintain homeostasis. The biconcave shape of erythrocytes provides an increased surface area on the cells for bulk transport to occur.

• Oxygen enters and leaves red blood cells against a concentration gradient through protein pumps to maintain homeostasis. The biconcave shape of erythrocytes provides an increased surface area on the cells for active transport to occur.

• Red blood cells synthesize hemoglobin to increase absorption of oxygen to maintain homeostasis. The biconcave shape of erythrocytes provides an increased surface area on the cells for protein synthesis to occur.

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White blood cells, called leukocytes, are very different in structure and function than red blood cells. White blood cells help fight infections, parasites, and bacteria. They do this by engulfing pathogens and synthesizing antibodies. Unlike red blood cells, white blood cells can reproduce.

• White blood cells must have cell walls to enable them to engulf damaged red blood cells & pathogens by phagocytosis.

• White blood cells must have chloroplasts to produce the energy the cells need to perform their functions.

• White blood cells must have a rough endoplasmic reticulum so that large molecules, such as antibodies, can be synthesized.

• White blood cells have a nucleus to store the coded instructions for reproducing and synthesizing important molecules.

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Scientists estimate that humans contain over 37 trillion cells. Among these cells are more than 200 different cell types that have different structures, sizes, shapes, and functions. The table shows just a few different types of cells in the human body, their functions, and their average volumes.

In terms of volume, how does the size of a red blood cell compare with the size of an enterocyte?

• A red blood cell is 7% smaller than an enterocyte.

• A red blood cell is 29% smaller than an enterocyte.

• A red blood cell is 71% smaller than an enterocyte.

• A red blood cell is 93% smaller than an enterocyte.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-2

Sam & Kate are using a scanning electron microscope to study photosynthesis in algae. Which is a benefit of this type of microscope compared to a light microscope?

• can study living algae

• produces highly magnified images

• shows actual colors of the algae

• shows the interior of the algae