Unit 6 Review - Genetics

What structure regulates the process of cells differentiating into specialized cells.

• Cytoplasm

• ATP

• DNA

• Lipids

Cells differentiation can happen when different proteins are made due to cells producing different types of

• DNA

• genes

• RNA

• amino acids

The human body contains many different types of cells. Different cells perform different functions because they

• contain different types of DNA

• have different genes activated

• utilize different RNA to make protein

• need different kinds of energy to function

Which of the following in not a result of meiosis?

• genetic variation

• production of sex cells

• reduction of genetic material in daughter cells

• growth

When gametes are formed for sexual reproduction, the number of chromosomes is reduced. This must happen because

• gametes have one function which requires less DNA to perform the function compared to somatic cells

• reducing the number of chromosomes reduces the chances for mutations that would affect offspring

• offspring need to have the correct number of chromosomes when the sperm and egg join together

• chromosomes within gametes are already replicated strands of DNA which return the number of chromosomes to the original amount

When chromosomes exchange pieces, crossing over occurs. This process results in

• gametes with mutations

• gametes that are genetically diverse

• new types of cells forming

• cancer developing in ovaries

The process of meiosis allows for

• an increase in genetic variability

• rapid reproduction and growth in cells

• an increase in the process of sexual reproduction

• a cell to use energy more efficiently when it divides

Which of the following allows specialized cells to perform certain functions?

• the mutation of genes within the cell

• using different methods of cell division

• regulating gene expression within the cell

• the ability of some cells to remove unnecessary sequences of DNA

The Christmas cactus is a plant that will bloom better after spending extended periods of time in darkness. When a plant is then placed in an environment with more light, the plant with produce a greater number of blooms. The production of blooms using this method is a result of

• the pigment in the plants leaves absorbing light from the environment.

• the phenotypic expression of the size of the blooms being dependent on color pigmentation from the bud.

• the genes regulating the number of blooms produced because they are influenced by environmental factors.

• plants exposed to darkness are healthier than plants exposed to light.

In humans blood type is determined by the A,B, and O alleles. The A and B alleles are codominant to each other and dominant over the O allele. An individual with the AO genotype and an individual with the AB genotype can produce offspring with which of the following phenotypes?

• O only

• A,AB, or B only

• A,B, or O only

• A,B,AB, or O