A person is asked to listen to a series of tones presented in pairs, and asked to say whether the tones in each pair are the same or different in pitch. In this situation the experimenter is most likely measuring the individual's

• sound localization ability

• dichotic listening ability

• difference threshold

• echoic memory

• attention span

A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individuals determine the

• pitch of the sound wave

• timbre of the sound wave

• absolute threshold for sound perception

• frequency of the sound wave

• location of the source

After Sharon stares at a patch of saturated green color for a brief period of time, she looks at a white surface and sees a red patch of color. This perceptual phenomenon is best explained by

• retinal disparity

• color constancy

• selective attention

• trichromatic theory

• opponent-process theory

After spending hours in her kitchen preparing dinner, Rebecca no longer notices the strong smell of garlic until her guests arrive and mention the smell. Her failure to notice the smell of garlic illustrates

• anosmia

• synesthesia

• sensory adaptation

• subliminal perception

• the just-noticeable difference

All summer Thomas hears the sound of the icecream truck approaching before his brother Oscar hears it. Thomas most likely has which of the following?

• A lower absolute threshold for hearing than Oscar

• A greater difference threshold for hearing than Oscar

• A deficit in a sensory system other than hearing

• A greater amount of experience with approaching ice-cream trucks than Oscar

• A tendency for confabulation

An individual’s ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is sometimes called the cocktail party effect. The cocktail party effect is a type of

• auditory localization

• dichotic listening

• deep processing

• divided attention

• selective attention

If Carmelita stares at a red spot for one minute and then shifts her gaze to a white piece of paper, she is likely to experience an afterimage that is

• green

• red

• blue

• violet

• black

In vision, transduction occurs within the

• optic nerve

• visual cortex

• retina

• lens

• cornea

In the figure above, what letter corresponds to the light-sensitive surface of the eye that contains photoreceptors?

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E

Jason is attending a parade that features the local high school band. Jason’s friend Brent plays the trombone in the band. It is difficult for Jason to hear Brent play at the parade. Which of the following would best allow Jason to hear Brent’s trombone?

• Sensory adaptation

• Selective attention

• Perceptual constancy

• Weber’s law

• Functional fixedness