Unit 5A Exam Review

How did the invention of the cotton gin influence the development of major social reform movements in the

United States during the 19th Century? (4.3)

c. The cotton gin led to an increase in membership in the Transcendentalist Movement.

• The cotton gin led to an increase in membership in the Transcendentalist Movement.

• The cotton gin led to an increase in membership in the Abolitionist Movement

• The cotton gin led to an increase in membership in the Temperance Movement.

  
  

  .

Which best explains why Utopian Communities formed in the early 19 th century? (4.3)

• c. these societies were attempts to establish communities that treated women and blacks as equals

• a. these societies were attempts to establish communities that were both socially and

  politically

• b. these societies were attempts to establish communities that provided a safe place for runaway slaves

How did the Second Great Awakening influence the development of major social reform movements in the

United States during the 19th Century? (4.3)

• Religious fervor or enthusiasm inspired more believers to improve society

• Religion helped women to know their place was in the home, not in business

• . Religion helped people become more conformist and patriotic

“I appeal to you, my friends, as mothers: are you willing to enslave your children? You start back with

horror and indignation at such a question. But why, if slavery is no wrong to those upon whom it is

imposed?” -----Angelina Grimké, An Appeal to the Christian Women of the South

How did Angelina Grimkés religious beliefs affect her participation in the abolitionist movement? (4.3)

• Mrs. Grimké led political protests and petitioned the federal government to end slavery immediately.

• Mrs. Grimké worked to convince women, as Christians and mothers that slavery was immoral and

  should be abolished.

• . Mrs. Grimké focused on urging slave owners in the South to free their slaves in order to avoid

  punishment from God.

...Resolved, That more effectual provision ought to be made by law, according to the requirement of the

constitution, for the restitution and delivery of persons bound to service or labor in any State, who may

escape into any other State or Territory in the Union... ---Compromise of 1850

How did the Compromise of 1850 increase sectional tension in the United States? (5.2)

• Arizona and New Mexico used popular sovereignty to settle the expansion of slavery

• California and New Mexico were admitted as Free States

• stricter Fugitive Slave Law was established to help return runaway slaves

“He the Negro is but a grown up child, and must be governed as a child, not as a lunatic or criminal. The

master occupies toward him the place of parent or guardian. We shall not dwell on this view, for no one

will differ with us who thinks as we do of the negro's capacity, and we might argue till dooms-day in

vain, with those who have a high opinion of the negro's moral and intellectual capacity.

Secondly. The negro is improvident; will not lay up in summer for the wants of winter; will not

accumulate in youth for the exigencies of age. He would become an insufferable burden to society.

Society has the right to prevent this, and can only do so by subjecting him to domestic slavery. In the

last place, the negro race is inferior to the white race, and living in their midst, they would be far

outstripped or outwitted in the chaos of free competition. Gradual but certain extermination would be

their fate...”The Universal Law of Slavery," by George Fitzhugh

____ 15. How did George Fitzhugh defend slavery at times of sectional tension and political debate? (8.4)

• Fitzhugh thought that slaves should receive monetary wages for their work but at a much lower rate

  than whites who performed the same jobs.

• . Fitzhugh argued that American slaves were inferior as a race, and that slavery prevents them from

  being a burden on society.

• . Fitzhugh stated that poor people of all races should be slaves because slave owners provide their

  slaves with basic life necessities.

....the act of Congress of the last session, with the whole system of legislation imposing duties [taxes]

on imports—not for revenue, but the protection of one branch of industry at the expense of others—is

unconstitutional, unequal, and oppressive, and calculated to corrupt the public virtue and destroy the

liberty of the country...

...The Senate and House of Representatives of South Carolina... solemnly protest against the system of

protecting duties, lately adopted by the Federal Government, for the following reasons

... the Tariff Law passed by Congress at the last session, and all other acts of which the principal object

is the protection of manufactures, or any other branch of domestic industry, if they considered

as the exercise of a supposed power in Congress to tax the people at its own good will and pleasure,

and to apply the money raised to objects not specified in the Constitution, is a violation of these

fundamental principles... -----John Calhoun, South Carolina Exposition and Protest

How did John Calhoun defend states’ rights and the theory of Nullification? (8.4)

a. Calhoun argued that state did not have the right to nullify or reject a federal law

b. Calhoun argued that protective tariffs were unconstitutional and should be nullified

• Calhoun argued that the National Bank was unconstitutional and should be nullified.

• Calhoun argued that protective tariffs were unconstitutional and should be nullified

• Calhoun argued that state did not have the right to nullify or reject a federal law

“...The Cherokee nation, then, is a distinct community, occupying its own territory, with boundaries

accurately described, in which the laws of Georgia can have no force, and which the citizens of Georgia

have no right to enter, but with the assent of the Cherokees themselves, or in conformity with treaties,

and with the acts of congress....” ---John Marshall’s Decision in Worcester v. Georgia

How did the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia impact the distribution of power within the Federal

government? (5.2)

• The Supreme Court decision was not enforced by the executive branch.

• The Supreme Court decision was enforced by the executive branch.

• The Supreme Court decision was reversed by the legislative branch.

How did the Second Bank of the United States and the Panic of 1819 impact western settlers? (4.2)

• The Second Bank of the United States increased credit and made money available for western

  farmers as a result of the Panic of 1819.

• The Second Bank of the United States foreclosed on large amounts of western farmland as a result

  of the Panic of 1819.

• The Panic of 1819, which was caused by Second Bank of the United States convinced Congress to

  pass laws reducing debtor prison time.

Which was the effect of the Marshall Court’s decisions in McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden? (5.2)

• the Marshall Court expanded federal power and limited state power

• the Marshall Court protected and enlarged the jurisdiction of state courts

  c.

• the Marshall Court expanded the states’ power and limited federal power