Lesson 4: Inference

What is an Inference?

• A conclusion or judgement based on evidences and our background knowledge.

• Is what the story is about.

• In when you find the similarity between two or more things.

• Is when you compare two or more things using the words like or as.

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"Clues" you see or read in the text are called?

• Schema
• Background knowledge
• Inference
• Text evidence

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Many breeds of dogs are used for work. In many cultures, dogs are used to herd sheep. The dogs keep the flock from being attacked by animals such as wolves. They also keep sheep from wandering off. Sheepdogs are known for their loyalty and gentleness. Based on your reading of the text, you can INFER that:

• Sheepdogs are not very smart dogs.
• Sheepdogs are a popular choice for herding.
• There are many breeds of dogs.
• Wolves are afraid of sheepdogs.

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Read the passage - Then select the valid inferences.

The term “neon light” was originally applied to a particular type of vapor lamp using the inert, colorless gas neon. A long tube was filled with neon, which then became luminous at low pressure when an electric current was passed through it. The lamp then emitted the characteristic reddish-orange light of neon. Today, the term “neon light” is given to lamps of this general type which may be filled with a variety of gases, depending on the color that is desired. Argon, for example, is used to produce blue light. Colors can also be altered by changing the color of the glass tube. The tubes must be quite long in all these lamps to produce light efficiently. As a result, high voltages are required. Neon tube lamps are not practical for indoor illumination, but they have found widespread outdoor use in glowing, colorful advertising signs. (choose only one answer)

• The meaning of the term “neon light” has changed over time. and Today’s “neon lights” never actually contain neon.

• The meaning of the term “neon light” has changed over time.

• Today’s “neon lights” never actually contain neon.

• When stimulated by electricity, different types of gas may produce different colors and The inert gas neon is reddish-orange in color.

Read the passage. Select the statements that make logical inferences.

A legend is a popular type of folk tale. In some ways, legends resemble myths, another type of folk tale. But myths describe events from antiquity and usually deal with religious subjects, such as the birth of a god. Legends tell of recognizable people, places and events and often take place in comparatively recent times. Some legends are based on real persons or events, but many are entirely fictional. The legends of the superhuman accomplishments of Paul Bunyan and Pecos Bill are imaginary, while the legends about Washington and Lincoln are mostly exaggerations of real qualities those two presidents had. All societies have legends. Most legends began as stories about the heroes of a particular region, occupation, or ethnic group. For example, John Henry was a legendary hero of black Americans, and Casey Jones of railroad workers. Over time, however, these figures have become national heroes.

• Legends about Washington and Lincoln are not entirely fictional.

• John Henry and Casey Jones are today well-known only by small groups of people.

• Both legends and myths can be classified as folk tales.

• Myths generally take place in comparatively recent times.

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How do you make an inference?

• You look for clues in the text, little pieces of information that seem to relate to the missing information or your question.

• You think about what you already know from your own experience in the real world.

• You look for clues, hints, and evidence, and think about what you know together in a logical way to produce a reasonable conclusion that supplies the missing piece of information or the answer to your question.

• All the above

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Before the 1800's people didn't have right or left shoes. They had shoes of just one shape that they used for both feet. When people first saw right and left shoes, they laughed. They called them "crooked shoes." "What a silly idea," they said. You can tell that shoes before 1800:

• Were pretty

• didn't look alike

• didn't fit very well

• Come in lots of colors

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