ACT Chemistry Review

C6H12O6 is the basic structure for _________________.

• an amino acid

• a sugar molecule

• a water molecule

• a nucleic acid

Proteins are composed of ____________; there are many different protein structures, but all proteins contain _____________.

• nucleic acids; phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen.

• nucleic acids; carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

• amino acids; carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

• amino acids; phosphorus, neon, and helium.

The two kinds of nucleic acids you might encounter on the ACT are _________________.

• enzymes and RNA.

• enzymes and carbohydrates.

• DNA and RNA.

• lipids and proteins.

Water freezes at __________ and boils at ___________.

• 0 degrees Celsius; 100 degrees Celsius.

• 0 degrees Fahrenheit; 100 degrees Fahrenheit.

• 32 degrees Celsius; 212 degrees Celsius.

• 20 degrees Fahrenheit; 273 degrees Fahrenheit.

If a substance with a very low pH is added to a solution, the pH of the solution will likely become ____________________.

• more basic, because basic substances have a low pH.

• more acidic, because acidic substances have a low pH.

• more basic, because basic substances have a high pH.

• more acidic, because acidic substances have a high pH.

What's the best way to determine the mass of a molecule?

• Add up the masses of all its protons, neutrons, and electrons; the masses of each subatomic particle can be found on the Periodic Table.

• Use an electronic scale to measure it.

• Look up the molecule on the Periodic Table.

• Add up the masses of all its atoms; atomic mass can be found on the Periodic Table.

Ions result from atoms or molecules that have __________________________________; those with a negative charge are called ________ and those with a positive charge are called _________.

• gained or lost one or more of their outer electrons, giving them a positive or negative charge;

  anions;

  cations.

• gained or lost one or more of their outer electrons, giving them a positive or negative charge;

  cations;

  anions.

• gained or lost one or more of their protons, giving them a positive or negative charge;

  anions;

  cations.

• gained or lost one or more of their protons, giving them a positive or negative charge;

  cations;

  anions.

If you have the same mass and volume of both atmospheric oxygen, O2, and carbon dioxide, CO2, which one will exert more pressure on the walls of its container?

• O2, because more molecules of O2 can fit in the container.

• O2, because fewer molecules of O2 can fit in the container.

• CO2, because more molecules of CO2 can fit in the container.

• CO2, because fewer molecules of CO2 can fit in the container.

Out of the three main phases of matter, particles are the *most* spread out in a _________.

• solid

• liquid

• gas

• none of them -- the distance between particles doesn't change.

The way an element reacts with others in the Periodic Table is primarily determined by ___________.

• the number of neutrons it has.

• the arrangement of its valence (outer) protons.

• the arrangement of its valence (outer) electrons.

• the number of quarks it has.