Steele Biology Midterm Review 2021-22 #3

What is a nucleotide?

• A monomer of made of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

• A monomer made of adenosine triphosphate and a 5 carbon sugar.

• A polymer made of DNA or RNA.

• A polymer made of a 5-carbon sugar and 4 nitrogenous bases.

Which of the following must happen before DNA can replicate?

• DNA Polymerase must insert RNA nucleotides

• Ligase must make a phosphodiester bond between the sugar and phosphate.

• Helicase must unzip the DNA strand

• gyrase must wind up the DNA strand

When a cell is not meeting the requirements for the checkpoint at G1, what phase does it enter?

• G0 phase

• G2 phase

• S phase

• Apoptosis

Passive transport occurs because

• molecules constantly move and collide with each other.

• the concentration of a solution is never the same throughout a solution

• the concentration of a solution is always the same throughout a solution

• molecules never move or collide with each other.

The type of cell tranport is the diagram above represents -

• diffusion

• phagocytosis

• exocytosis

• pinocytosis

According to the diagram above, what does the pancreas do when blood sugar levels are high?

• release insulin

• release glucagon

• produce glycogen

• break down glucose

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from

• an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

• an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

• an area of equilibrium to an area of high concentration.

• all of the above

The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• bilipids

• proteins

Diffusion and osmosis are both vital to cell function. Diffusion and osmosis are similar in that they are both types of-

• active transport processes

• passive transport processes

• cellular replication processes

• cellular metabolism processes

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Cell membranes allow some molecules to move freely across the membrane, while other molecules are restricted. Which term best describes this capability of a cell membrane?

• semipermeable

• impervious

• resilient

• unyielding