Bio Study guide

A variety of organic molecules have been found in meteorites that have landed on Earth, including individual amino acids and lipid molecules. To date, however, no microspheres have been found on these meteorites. Why is it unlikely that microspheres will ever be found on a meteorite even though lipids can form in them?

• A. Amino acids cannot form the enzymes needed to

• B. Any microspheres that formed would be destroyed by the radiation in space.

• C. Groups of lipids will only form into microspheres when they are in liquid water.

• D. Individual lipids can only begin to form microspheres when oxygen is present.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-5

Which of the following best describes the difference between the functions of nucleic acids and enzymes?

• A. Nucleic acids are used as the building blocks of proteins, while enzymes are used as the building blocks of phospholipids

• B. Nucleic acids contain the genetic code for protein synthesis, while enzymes catalyze chemical reactions.

• C. Nucleic acids inhibit biochemical reactions, while enzymes provide structural support in cells.

• D. Nucleic acids transmit signals that begin biochemical processes, while enzymes convert carbohydrates into lipids and proteins.

Some proteins catalyze biochemical reactions. If a genetic defect prevented a protein catalyst from being produced, which of the following do you predict would happen in the cell?

• A. The cell would find a different type of protein to catalyze the reaction.

• B. The reaction the protein catalyzes would proceed very slowly or not at all.

• C. The reaction the protein catalyzes would only occur in some places in the cell.

• D. The reverse reaction of the one the protein catalyzes would begin to proceed.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Early elements of the cell theory followed soon after the development of Hooke's light microscope. What does this relationship suggest about the evolution of the cell theory since Hooke?

• A. Improvements in technology are closely related to changes in the cell theory.

• B. Isolated scientists contributed pieces of the cell theory to form the whole.

• C. Progress on the cell theory was delayed by a lack of technological progress.

• D. Scientists needed to focus less on cells and more on microscope development.

Which statement best compares a eukaryote and a prokaryote?

• A. Eukaryotes have a cell wall, while prokaryotes have a cell membrane.

• B. Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes have few specialized structures.

• C. Eukaryotes use active transport to move substances across the cell membrane, while prokaryotes use facilitated diffusion.

• D. Eukaryotes use flagella to move themselves through substances, while prokaryotes are not able to move.

Oxygen is a product of photosynthesis. The primary role of this oxygen in cellular respiration is to...

• A. yield energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the respiratory chain.

• B. act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water.

• C. combine with carbon, forming CO2.

• D. combine with lactate, forming pyruvate.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

What are the reactants for cellular respiration?

• A. H2O and O2

• B. Glucose and O2

• C. Glucose and CO2

• D. H2O and CO2

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which equation describes what happens in photosynthesis?

• A. C6H12O6 + H20 → CO2 + energy

• B. 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2

• C. C6H12O6 + 6O2 →6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

• D. CO2 + O2 + H20 + energy → CH2O5

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Which of the following best compares the processes of mitosis and meiosis?

• A. Mitosis involves one division cycle and results in diploid daughter cells, while meiosis consists of two division cycles and results in haploid gametes.

• B. Mitosis involves one division cycle and results in haploid gametes, while meiosis consists of two division cycles and results in diploid daughter cells.

• C. Mitosis involves two division cycles and results in diploid daughter cells, while meiosis consists of one division cycle and results in haploid gametes.

• D. Mitosis involves two division cycles and results in haploid gametes, while meiosis consists of one division cycle and results in diploid daughter cells.

Which of the following best explains why meiosis results in greater genetic diversity than mitosis?

• A. After meiosis, daughter cells are diploid and have twice as much genetic material, which can be divided in many more possible combinations.

• B. After meiosis, haploid daughter cells are fertilized, which doubles their number of chromosomes and increases the number of possible genes.

• C. During meiosis, chromosomes assort themselves independently of each other, which allows for more different possible combinations of chromosomes.

• D. During meiosis, more daughter cells are produced, which increases the likelihood that fertilization will occur.