Biology Semester 1 Review

Students use a microscope to look for structures present in four different cells. The students placed an X for each structure that was viewed for each cell on the table shown. Which cell that was viewed is most likely a prokaryote

• Cell W

• Cell X

• Cell Y

• Cell Z

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

A student groups different types of cells as shown. Which table headings should the student use for the two groups?

• 1. Animal Cells | 2. Plant Cells
• 1. Prokaryotic Cells | 2. Eukaryotic Cells
• 1. Mobile Cells | 2. Motile Cells
• 1. Fungal Cells | 2. Bacterial Cells

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

A type of cellular transport is shown. Which description best identifies this type of cellular transport?

• Active transport, because energy is being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient

• Facilitated diffusion, because energy is being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient

• Osmosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient

• Endocytosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient

In the early 1900s a scientist hypothesized a link between DNA and the production of proteins in the cytoplasm. However, the fact that DNA could not be found outside the nucleus led scientists to believe that another substance was also involved in the synthesis of protein in the cytoplasm. In the 1940s scientists performed an experiment that ultimately identified the site of protein synthesis. They also identified the molecule responsible for transporting information from the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis. What was this newly identified molecule?

• A gene

• mRNA

• ATP

• Thymine

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A student produces a labeled drawing of a virus for a presentation. The student states that the capsid has a function similar to the nuclear membrane found in animal cells. Which of these describes the similar functions of capsids and nuclear membranes?

• Both transport proteins throughout the structures

• Both provide energy for activities in the structures

• Both protect genetic information for the structures

• Both code for the proteins needed for reproduction of the structures

Which of these describes a difference between viruses and cells?

• Cells contain protein, and viruses contain only carbohydrates.

• Viruses have flagella, and cells have only cilia.

• Cells reproduce independently, and viruses require a host to reproduce.

• Viruses have membranes made of proteins, and cells have membranes made of nucleic acid.

This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle. What do the two arrows represent?

• Arrow 1 represents prophase, and Arrow 2 represents interphase.

• Arrow 1 represents mitosis, and Arrow 2 represents meiosis.

• Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.

• Arrow 1 represents meiosis, and Arrow 2 represents prophase.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each nucleus has one copy of each chromosome. Which cell is the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?

• Cell 1

• Cell 2

• Cell 3

• Cell 4

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

The diagram shows how specialized body cells can develop. Which of the following best explains why cells that contain the same genetic material do not develop into the same type of cells?

• Because internal and external stimuli can trigger the activation of specific genes in the DNA.

• Because random mutations can occur in the DNA of cells during early embryonic development.

• Because messenger RNA is converted to transfer RNA when cell differentiation begins.

• Because chemical signals that are released during the cell cycle can result in the linking of similar genes.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Cell differentiation is critical during embryonic development. The process of cell differentiation results in the production of many types of cells, including germ, somatic, and stem cells. Cell differentiation is most directly regulated by -

• ATP

• DNA

• lipids

• sugars

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4