Quiz about APES Semester 1 Final Exam Review

Question 1

In reef ecosystems, corals often have microalgae living inside them. The algae supply the corals with nutrients, and the coral give shelter to the algae. Which of the following interactions best describes the relationship between the corals and the algae?

Accepted Answer

Mutualism

Answer

Competition

Answer

Parasitism

Answer

Predation

Question 2

Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest net primary productivity?

Accepted Answer

Tropical Rain Forest

Answer

Desert

Answer

Taiga

Answer

Savanna

Question 3

Which of the following biogeochemical cycle is shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

Carbon Cycle

Answer

Nitrogen Cycle

Answer

Water (Hydrologic) Cycle

Answer

Phosphorus Cycle

Question 4

Which of the following biogeochemical cycle is shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus Cycle

Answer

Carbon Cycle

Answer

Nitrogen Cycle

Answer

Water (Hydrologic) Cycle

Question 5

Which of the following biogeochemical cycle is shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

Water (Hydrologic) Cycle

Answer

Carbon Cycle

Answer

Nitrogen Cycle

Answer

Phosphorus Cycle

Question 6

The total rate of photosynthesis in a given area is...

Accepted Answer

Gross Primary Productivity

Answer

Primary Producer

Answer

Net Primary Productivity

Answer

Cellular Respiration

Question 7

The energy available to consumers determined by subtracting the energy used by plants from the total energy transformed by the process of photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

Net Primary Productivity

Answer

Cellular Productivity

Answer

Gross Primary Productivity

Answer

Cellular Respiration

Question 8

Based on the second law of thermodynamics, how much biomass of phytoplankton would be needed to produce 1 kilogram (kg) of large fish in this food web?

Accepted Answer

1000 kg

Answer

1 kg

Answer

10 kg

Answer

100 kg

Question 9

Which of the following biogeochemical cycle is shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen Cycle

Answer

Carbon Cycle

Answer

Water (Hydrologic) Cycle

Answer

Phosphorus Cycle

Question 10

Which of the following ecosystem services is categorized as regulating?

Accepted Answer

Water purification, pest control, pollination

Answer

Drinking water, timber, medicines

Answer

Recreation and education

Answer

Photosynthesis, soil formation, nutrient cycling

Question 11

Which tree would be the predominant species in the intermediate stage of succession?

Accepted Answer

Tulip Popular

Answer

Red Maple

Answer

Sweetgum

Answer

White Oak

Question 12

Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following islands would most likely have the highest number of species living on it?

Accepted Answer

Large island, close to mainland

Answer

Large island, far from mainland

Answer

Small island, far from mainland

Answer

Small island, close to mainland

Question 13

Small populations of animals, such as those typically found on islands, are prone to extinction because...

Accepted Answer

they are more vulnerable to unpredictable events

Answer

they contain a high degree of genetic variability

Answer

they tend to have more predators

Answer

they are usually generalist species

Question 14

Which of the following can be used to assess the biological diversity of an area?

Accepted Answer

Genetic variation within each species and number of species present

Answer

Population size of each species and area occupied by each population

Answer

Ratio of r-strategists to K-strategists and life expectancy of K-strategists

Answer

Minimum population area and minimum viable population size

Question 15

Which of the following is most likely to be the direct result of lack of genetic diversity in a food crop such as corn?

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility on plant disease

Answer

Decreased potential yield

Answer

Decreased dependence on chemical fertilizers

Answer

Increased resistance to pests

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely result from the deforestation of large areas of tropical rain forests caused by slash-and-burn agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Increased global temperature because of the release of CO₂

Answer

Increased ozone thinning because of the release of CFCs

Answer

Decreased acid rain because of the sequestration of SO₂

Answer

Deceased evaporation because of the loss of the tree canopy

Question 17

Which of the following best shows the process of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide.

Answer

A lizard's color becomes brown as it sits on a log.

Answer

A bear goes into hibernation.

Answer

A population of foxes increases as more prey becomes available.

Question 18

Which of the following is the best example of a keystone species?

Accepted Answer

Sea Otter

Answer

Sea Urchin

Answer

Spotted Owl

Answer

Condor

Question 19

A pond is sampled once a year, and its species richness is measured. What best indicates the pond is being adversely affected by a nearby development?

Accepted Answer

The biodiversity of the pond has decreased.

Answer

An uncommon species has become more numerous.

Answer

An increase in low-tolerance species has occurred.

Answer

A decrease in high-tolerance species has occurred.

Question 20

During which stage of the demographic transition shown above does a population begin to experience an explosive increase in growth?

Accepted Answer

Stage 2

Answer

Stage 1

Answer

Stage 3

Answer

Stage 4

Question 21

A country with an age distribution like that shown in the figure above, is most likely a country that...

Accepted Answer

is experiencing slow or no population growth

Answer

is experiencing rapid growth

Answer

is a less-developed country

Answer

is experiencing a high death rate

Question 22

What is the carrying capacity of the ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

E

Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

C

Answer

D

Question 23

Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with a country that demonstrates the age structure in the diagram shown?

Accepted Answer

There is a high total fertility rate.

Answer

There is a low infant mortality rate.

Answer

A high percentage of the population has access to medical care.

Answer

There is a low population growth rate.

Question 24

Which of the following are associated with a decrease in a country's total fertility rate?

Accepted Answer

Delay in age of first marriage and increased

contraceptive use

Answer

Limited access to health care

Answer

Poor nutrition

Answer

Limited access to clean water

Question 25

Which of the following characteristics are associated with a more developed country?

Accepted Answer

Low infant mortality rate

Answer

Large population size

Answer

Large land area

Answer

High emigration rate

Question 26

If a country has a crude birth rate of 24 per 1,000 and a crude death rate of 8 per 1,000, the natural annual percent increase of its population is...

Accepted Answer

1.6%

Answer

16%

Answer

-1.6%

Answer

32%

Question 27

If the population of a country grows at a rate of approximately 5 percent per year, the number of years required for the population to double is closest to...

Accepted Answer

15 years

Answer

5 years

Answer

10 years

Answer

25 years

Question 28

In a human population undergoing the demographic transition, which of the following generally decreases first?

Accepted Answer

Death Rate

Answer

Birth Rate

Answer

Life Expectancy

Answer

Family Size

Question 29

Members of an r-selected species characteristically...

Accepted Answer

reach sexual maturity quickly

Answer

produce few offspring

Answer

have long life spans

Answer

produce few offspring

Question 30

This map illustrates...

Accepted Answer

A transform boundary

Answer

A convergent boundary

Answer

A divergent boundary

Answer

A subduction zone

Question 31

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is...

Accepted Answer

A divergent plate boundary

Answer

A convergent plate boundary

Answer

A transform plate boundary

Answer

A volcanic hot spot

Question 32

Which soil sample is most permeable?

Accepted Answer

Soil Sample A

Answer

Soil Sample B

Answer

Soil Sample C

Answer

Not possible to determine

Question 33

Which soil sample would be hold the most water and be best for lining a landfill?

Accepted Answer

Soil Sample C

Answer

Soil Sample A

Answer

Soil Sample B

Answer

Not possible to determine

Question 34

The ozone layer is found in the...

Accepted Answer

Stratosphere

Answer

Troposphere

Answer

Mesosphere

Answer

Thermosphere

Question 35

What causes warm, moist air to rise at the equator and descend at the 30^o N and S latitudes?

Accepted Answer

Heat from the sun

Answer

Heat from the ocean

Answer

Cool air from the trade winds

Answer

The Coriolis Effect

Question 36

Which of the following can cause an increase in water pollution in a watershed?

Accepted Answer

An increase in stormwater runoff in urban areas

Answer

An increase in the number of grasses, trees, and shrubs

Answer

An increase in the natural systems near a watershed

Answer

A decrease in the number of impervious surfaces near the watershed

Question 37

Summer in Australia occurs in December, not in June. This is because at this time of year...

Accepted Answer

the tilt of Earth causes Australia to receive highly concentrated solar radiation

Answer

the Earth is closest to the Sun due to its elliptical path

Answer

the tilt of Earth causes Australia to be closer to the Sun

Answer

the tilt of Earth causes solar radiation to reach Australia at a low angle of incidence

Question 38

In this picture...

Accepted Answer

It is summer in the northern hemisphere, because it receives the most direct sunlight.

Answer

It is summer in the southern hemisphere, because it receives the most direct sunlight.

Answer

The Arctic Circle receives no daylight.

Answer

There is 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness each day at the Equator.

Question 39

Which of the following factors is fundamentally responsible for seasons on Earth?

Accepted Answer

The tilt of Earth's axis of rotation

Answer

The varying distance of Earth from the Sun

Answer

The tidal pull of the Sun and Moon

Answer

The latitudinal variation in temperature and precipitation

Question 40

Which of the following would decrease with the manufacture, application, and use of synthetic fertilizers rather than organic fertilizers?

Accepted Answer

Recycling of organic matter

Answer

Groundwater pollution

Answer

Cultural eutrophication

Answer

Use of fossil fuels

Question 41

Which irrigation method is most efficient, but most expensive?

Accepted Answer

Drip Irrigation

Answer

Flood Irrigation

Answer

Furrow Irrigation

Answer

Spray (or Pivot) Irrigation

Question 42

Which is a concern for GM crops?

Accepted Answer

Loss of genetic diversity in crops

Answer

Reduced crop yield and more land needed for agriculture

Answer

GM crops cannot be grown in drought resistant soils

Answer

GM crops require more pesticide applications than non-GM crops

Question 43

What is an advantage of synthetic fertilizers?

Accepted Answer

Synthetic fertilizers can provide nutrients tailored specifically to the crops

Answer

Synthetic fertilizers remain in the soil longer than organic fertilizers

Answer

Synthetic fertilizers improve soil texture and water-holding capacity

Answer

Synthetic fertilizers remain in the soil and do not readily run off into waterways

Question 44

Which of the following is the best illustration of the pesticide treadmill?

Accepted Answer

Increased use of pesticides to eradicate genetically resistant pests

Answer

Sequence of several pesticides used by farmers to maximize effectiveness

Answer

Process that is used to manufacture pesticides

Answer

Biomagnification of pesticides in the fatty tissue of primary consumers

Question 45

Which of the following changes will result if large areas of land experienced clear-cutting?

Accepted Answer

Increased water temperatures in nearby streams

Answer

Decreased evaporation of water from the soil

Answer

Decreased soil erosion

Answer

Decreased runoff and sedimentation into nearby streams

Question 46

Which timber-harvesting method leads to a loss of biodiversity and a fragmented habitat?

Accepted Answer

Clear-cutting

Answer

Selective cutting

Answer

Slash and burn clearing

Answer

Shelter-wood cutting

Question 47

Which of the following describes a fundamental characteristic of the green revolution in food resources?

Accepted Answer

The development of new strains of crops with higher yields

Answer

The application of higher levels of organic fertilizers

Answer

Deforestation to provide field crops with increased sunlight

Answer

The elimination of mechanization and the reduction of farm sizes

Question 48

A major environmental problem caused by using the agricultural practice of tilling is...

Accepted Answer

eutrophication from excessive fertilizer use

Answer

ozone depletion from fossil fuel use

Answer

intercropping by traditional farmers

Answer

compaction of soil from adding compost

Question 49

Which of the following scenarios best explains the concept of the tragedy of the commons?

Accepted Answer

Fish are shared resources; as industry competes for fish, the resources are depleted.

Answer

Fish farming produces fish through selective breeding to produce a cheap source of protein.

Answer

A collapse of the fishing industry leads to a loss of fishing-related jobs.

Answer

A decline in fish populations cause declines in fish predators, affecting the entire food chain.

APES Semester 1 Final Exam Review

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