Unit 4 Review

A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a

• ligand
• second messenger
• protein kinase
• receptor protein

What do second messengers do?

• transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
• relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
• relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
• dampen the message

Signal amplification is most often achieved by

• an enzyme cascade
• binding of multiple signals
• branching pathways
• action of adenylyl cyclase

Which is not a part of a signal transduction pathway?

• response
• transcription
• transduction
• receptor

Which of the following is characterized by a cell releasing a signal molecule into the environment, followed by a number of cells in the immediate vicinity responding?

• paracrine signaling
• endocrine signaling
• long distance signaling
• hormonal signaling

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that

• positive feedback systems have control centers that are lacking in negative feedback systems.
• the positive feedback's effector responses are in the same direction as the inititiating stimulus producing an intensified response.
• positive feedback benefits the organism, whereas negative feedback is detrimental.
• the effector's response increases some parameter,such as body temperature, whereas in negative feedback it can only decrease the parameter.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:  
 I.  Response  
II.  Amplification  
 III.  Reception  
IV.  Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?

• I, II, III, IV
• III, I, IV, II
• II, IV, I, III
• III, IV, II, I

This is an example of

• paracrine signaling
• synaptic signaling
• long-distance signaling
• all of the above

What is being depicted in the image?

• Amplification of the signal molecule

• Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway

• Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes

• Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule

Maintaining body temperature is an example of a:

• negative feedback loop
• positive feedback loop

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3