Environmental Science Chapter 3 Review

The step in the nitrogen cycle where bacteria convert ammonia (NH₃) to nitrate (NO₃^-) is:

• nitrification
• ammonification
• nitrogen fixation
• assimilation

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The process where some bacteria remove nitrate from the soil by converting it to nitrogen gas is:

• nitrification
• nitrogen fixation
• denitrification
• nitrification

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What is the first step in the nitrogen cycle, in which gaseous nitrogen is converted into ammonia?

• nitrification
• ammonification
• denitrification
• nitrogen fixation

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Biogeochemical cycles: 

• only include processes conducted by or within living organisms.
• describe the movement of water and other materials throughout the abiotic and biotic environment.
• only pertain to exchanges and interactions that occur within the atmosphere.
• are used to describe the attempts of humans to recycle various pollutants.

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Which of the following can naturally "fix" atmospheric nitrogen so plants can utilize it?

• only bacteria
• bacteria and lightening
• herbivores
• carnivores

Precipitation is a part of the

• Water cycle

• Carbon cycle

• Nitrogen cycle

• Trophic level

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Layer of Earth between the crust and the core

• ozone

• mantle

• fault

• thermocline

With respect to energy, Earth is a(n)

• layered system

• integrated system

• open system

• closed system

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Which of Earth's spheres encompasses all of Earth's water?

• the hydrosphere

• the atmosphere

• the asthenosphere

• the geosphere

Landforms include

• aquifers

• tectonic plates

• mountains

• all of the above