1. Scientists developed a vaccine to protect humans from the H1N1 virus, which caused 17,000 deaths in 2009. The table below shows a collection of medical history from four patients at the same doctors office. Make a prediction which of the following patients in the table below would most likely contract the H1N1 virus?

• Patient 1

• Patient 2

• Patient 3

• Patient 4

1. Our bodies work to fight off infections through nonspecific and specific defense systems. Which of the following statements best reflects the role of the nonspecific immune system?

• It is designed as a first line of defense against pathogens.

• It is designed to dispose of pathogens after they have been found.

• It is designed to attack pathogens not found by the specific immune system

• It is designed to deal only with pathogens that are not a serious threat to the body.

Many different bacteria are rapidly evolving and becoming harder to treat effectively with antibiotics. Some bacteria have a gene that gives them the ability to survive antibiotic treatment. Bacteria that have such a gene will survive and multiply, while bacteria without the gene will be killed by the antibiotic. Scientists have been studying the resistance of these types of bacteria over the past 20 years. What conclusion is supported about the future of MRSA based on the data provided?

• MRSA could become extinct by 2025

• MRSA could become isolated to one location of the world.

• MRSA could become resistant to all antibiotics and spread rapidly

• MRSA could evolve into a virus, where it could not be treated with antibiotics

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

A Lynch mutation is another type of genetic mutation that has a potential link to an increased risk in cancer diagnoses. The graph below compares the normal population to people with the Lynch mutation and their likelihood of getting cancer. What is the possible impact of the Lynch mutations on an individual’s health?

• The Lynch mutation has no impact on an individual’s health when compared to the general population.

• The Lynch mutation has the greatest impact on an individual’s likelihood to be diagnosed with ovarian cancer when compared to the general population.

• The Lynch mutation has the least impact on an individual’s likelihood to be diagnosed with endometrial cancer when compared to the general population

• The Lynch mutation has the greatest impact on an individual's likelihood to be diagnosed with colorectal cancer when compared to the general population.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Jesse woke up one morning and felt awful, even though he felt fine the night prior. He had a high fever, body aches, chills, and a cough. Jesse decided to go to the nearest doctor’s office. While waiting for the doctor, Jesse found this chart. The doctor handed Jesse a prescription for antibiotics and told him this should clear his symptoms. Jesse was not sure if the doctor was correct or incorrect.

Based on the information given, what is the most likely conclusion about the diagnosis from Jesse's doctor?

• The doctor was correct, because it is just safe to take antibiotics.

• The doctor was correct, because the virus will be controlled with the antibiotics.

• The doctor was incorrect, because the infection was viral and antibiotics do not function for viruses.

• The doctor was incorrect, because the antibiotics prescribed were not specific for the bacterial infection.

Which of the following image answer choices below corresponds to a non-specific defense response?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Memory B and T cells help protect the body from re-infection by pathogens that infected the body in the past. Being able to resist a pathogen in this way is called immunity. Is this statement true or false.

• True

• False

Antibodies are large, Y-shaped proteins that recognize and bind to antigens. Plasma cells are like antibody factories, producing many copies of a single type of antibody. Is this statement true or false.

• True

• False

Human pathogens include

• virus

• bacteria

• fungi

• all of the above

HIV disables the immune system by

• destroying helper T cells.

• stimulating autoimmunity.

• causing opportunistic infections.

• becoming carcinogenic.