Chapter 18 Review

Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly because they...

• express different genes

• contain different genes

• use different genetic codes

• have unique ribosomes

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The functioning of enhancers is an example of...

• a eukaryotic equivalent of prokaryotic promoter functioning

• transcriptional control of gene expression

• the stimulation of translation by initiation factors

• post-translational control that activates certain proteins

Cell differentiation always involves

• transcription of the myoD gene

• the movement of cells

• the production of tissue-specific proteins

• the selective loss of certain genes from the genome

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Which of the following is an example of post-transcriptional control of gene expression

• the addition of methyl groups to cytosine bases of DNA

• the binding of transcription factors to a promoter

• the removal of introns and alternative splicing of exons

• gene amplification contributing to caner

What would occur if the repressor of an inducible operon were mutated so it could not bind the operator?

• irreversible binding of the repressor to the promoter

• reduced transcription of the operon's genes

• buildup of a substrate for the pathway controlled by the operon

• continuous transcription of the operon's genes

What is a repressor?

• the entire stretch of DNA required for enzyme production for the tryptophan pathway

• binds to the operator and blocks attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter, preventing transcription of the gene

• The on-off switch is a segment of DNA

• located some distance from the trp operon and has its own promoter

What is the role of the protein in this picture?

• Additional operator

• Inactive repressor

• Promoter

• Active repressor

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What is the role of tryptophan in this picture?

• Corepressor

• Active repressor

• Promoter

• Additional operon

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

What do actylated histones do?

• promotes tightly packed chromatin structure that permits transcription

• promotes loose chromatin structure that permits transcription

• promotes loose chromatin structure that blocks transcription

• promotes tightly packed chromatin structure that blocks transcription

The inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence is called...

• histone acetylation

• linked genes

• epigenetic inheritance

• proximal control elements