AP - Chapter 24: Industry Comes of Age

The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with...

• cash grants from new taxes.

• land grants and loans.

• cash grants from higher tariffs.

• reduced prices for iron and steel.

• aid for construction of railroad stations.

The greatest economic consequence of the transcontinental railroad network was that it...

• enabled farmers to make a highly profitable living by shipping their goods across the country.

• enabled people from farms and small towns to visit the big cities.

• united the nation into a single, integrated national market.

• made it possible for some immigrants to settle in the West.

• developed a skilled industrial workforce.

The United States changed to standard time zones when...

• Congress passed a law establishing this system.

• the major rail lines decreed common fixed times so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks.

• factories demanded standard time schedules.

• long-distance telephones required standard time coordination.

• All of these choices are correct.

The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the...

• Federal Trade Commission.

• Interstate Commerce Commission.

• Consumer Affairs Commission.

• Federal Anti-Trust Commission.

• Federal Communications Commission.

Two technological innovations that greatly expanded the industrial employment of women in the late nineteenth century were the...

• typewriter and the telephone.

• electric light and the phonograph.

• Bessemer steel process and the internal combustion engine.

• streetcar and the bicycle.

• electric refrigerator and stove.

One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was...

• increased competition.

• supporting a centrally planned economy.

• funding research on new technologies.

• elimination of the tactic of vertical integration.

• elimination of as much competition as possible.

Andrew Carnegie's system of vertical integration...

• combined all facets of an industry, from raw material to final product, within a single company.

• created an industrial association through which member companies could wield much power.

• embraced the notion of buying up competitors and forming a monopoly interest.

• required smaller competitors to agree to standardized rates set by larger firms.

John D. Rockefeller's organizational technique of horizontal integration involved...

• franchising Standard Oil gasoline stations to independent operators.

• combining and controlling all phases of the oil industry from drilling to commercial retailing.

• creating standardized job assignments and fixed production and sales quotas for all employees.

• forcing small competitors to assign stock to Standard Oil, then consolidating and integrating the operations of the previously competing enterprises, or lose their business.

• developing multiple uses for oil in transportation, lighting, and industry.

The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of...

• Jay Gould

• Henry Bessemer

• J.P. Morgan

• Thomas Edison

• Alexander Graham Bell

The "Gospel of Wealth" endorsed by Andrew Carnegie...

• based its theology on the teachings of Jesus.

• held that the wealthy should display moral responsibility in the use of their God-given money.

• stimulated efforts to help minorities.

• was opposed by most late nineteenth century clergymen.

• asserted that the wealthy should spend and invest their money in any way they felt was best.