AP Bio 16.1 Reading Guide

What are the two chemical components of chromosomes?

• DNA and Proteins

• DNA and Chromatin

• Chromatin and Protein

• Chromatids and Histones

Frederick Griffith used virulent and nonvirulent strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in his studies. What was the difference?

• The virulent (disease-causing) strain was rough in appearance

• The virulent (disease-causing) strain was surrounded by a capsule

• The nonvirulent strain was smooth in appearance

• The nonvirulent strain was surrounded by a capsule

_______________________ is a change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.

• Transduction

• Assimilation

• Convection

• Transformation

_____ broke open the heat-killed pathogenic bacteria and extracted the cellular contents. Then samples were treated with an agent that inactivated DNA, RNA, or protein, and then tested the sample for its ability to transform live nonpathogenic bacteria. Only when DNA was allowed to remain active did transformation occur.

• Hershey and Chase

• Griffith

• Franklin

• Avery

Viruses that infect bacteria are called ____.

• Protoviral

• Bacteriaphiles

• Bacteriaphages

• Retroviruses

Hershey and Chase used radioactive ____ to tag protein.

• Sulfur

• Carbon

• Phosphorous

• Nitrogen

Hershey and Chase used radioactive ____ to tag DNA.

• Sulfur

• Carbon

• Phosphorous

• Nitrogen

According to Chargaff's rules, if a cell is composed of 28% guanine, we could assume that ____.

• The cell also contains 28% Thymine

• 56% of the cell's DNA is made up of Cytosine

• The cell is composed of 44% Adenine

• The cell is composed of 22% Thymine

____ used X-ray crystalography to obtain a photograph of DNA that was used in the deduction of DNA's double Helix

• Watson

• Crick

• Franklin

• Hershey

All the following nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines except (select all that apply)

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Uracil

• Guanine

• Cytosine