Periodic Trends

What is a cation?

• A negative ion formed from the gaining of electrons.

• A positive ion formed from the gaining of electrons.

• A negative ion formed from the loss of electrons.

• A positive ion formed from the loss of electrons.

Put these in order of increasing electronegativity:
Se, S, and O

• Se < S < O
• Se < O < S
• O < S < Se
• S < Se < O

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As you move down a group, atomic radius increases because

• you add more and more neutrons.

• you add more and more protons.

• you add more and more shells (energy levels).

• you add more atomic mass.

Electronegativity ________ from left to right within a period and ________ from top to bottom within a group.

• decreases, increases

• increases, increases

• increases, decreases

• stays the same, increases

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Which element in Period 6 has the lowest ionization energy?

• Rn

• Cs

• Os

• Tm

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As you move across the periodic table from left to right, the atomic radius decreases. Why?

• The number of protons increases, so attraction to electrons increases.

• The number of energy levels increases.

• The number of electrons increases.

• The atomic mass increases.

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Francium (Fr) has the lowest ionization energy in Group 1 because

• it has the smallest number of valence electrons.

• it has the greatest atomic mass.

• it has the greatest number of protons, so it attracts its electrons the strongest.

• its 1 valence electron is very far from the nucleus, so little energy is needed to remove it.

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Which statement correctly and completely identifies a trend?

• Atomic radius decreases across a period and increases down a group.
• Electronegativity decreases across a period and decreases down a group.
• Ionization energy increases across a period and increases down a group.
• Ionic radius increases across a period and increases down a group.

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Atoms that have a high electronegativity, _______________.

• give up their electrons more easily.
• hold on to their electrons more tightly.
• have more electron shells.

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Which atom in Period 4 has the largest atomic radius?

• K

• Kr

• Fe

• Fe

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