Protein Synthesis Practice Problems

Students are modeling mRNA during the process of protein synthesis. Which answer choice correctly describes the model of the mRNA strand being transcribed?

• The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.

• The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine.

• The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.

• The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The initial steps in gene expression are modeled below. Double-stranded DNA first unwinds into two strands.

Which process and product are represented in Diagram 2?

• Process: transcription; product: mRNA

• Process: translation; product: protein

• Process: replication; product: tRNA

• Process: recombination; product: polymerase

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Part of an important cellular process involving a DNA strand is modeled below.

What is the purpose of this cellular process?

• Preserving genetic information for future generations

• Deleting the information in the sequence produced from the DNA template

• Transcribing information in the DNA sequence for use by the cell

• Producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence

A section of a nucleic acid is shown below.

The process represented in the diagram produces a molecule that is complementary to the template strand of DNA. What type of molecule is produced?

• New DNA

• Polypeptide

• Messenger RNA

• Carbohydrate

Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?

• The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together.

• The number of carbons in the DNA molecule.

• The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule.

• The sequences of phosphates along each DNA strand.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Differences in traits such as hair texture are determined by differences in —

• the location of sugar groups in

• the sequence of nucleotides in DNA

• the number of nitrogenous bases in DNA

• the molecules attached to the phosphate in DNA

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Nitrogenous bases are located on both strands of the DNA double helix. What is the significance of the nitrogenous bases?

• The number of adenines and cytosines determines the type of RNA that will be produced.

• The order of nitrogenous bases determines the order of amino acids in the proteins synthesized.

• The amount of thymine and guanine in the DNA molecules determines the length of the genes.

• The type of hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases determines which amino acid will be added to the peptide chain.

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A segment of DNA is represented in the illustration.

How is information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule?

• As a sequence of nucleotides

• In the double-helix shape of the condensed chromosome

• In the ratio of adenines to thymines

• As a pattern of phosphates and sugars

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA varies widely. The sequence of the bases in DNA is most important for which of the following?

• Providing the instructions for the traits of an organism

• Preventing mutations from occurring during DNA replication

• Allowing the DNA to have the shape necessary for replication

• Helping form the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA molecules

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Characteristics such as a widow’s peak or attached earlobes are determined by the genetic code. Which components of DNA are referred to as the genetic code?

• Phosphate groups

• Nitrogenous bases

• Deoxyribose sugars

• Hydrogen bonds

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1