Unit 8 Part 2 Quiz (Study Guide)

What statements provide evidence that the genetic code is universal in all organisms? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

• The same four bases are used in each organisms genetic code (A, T, C, G)

• All organisms use the same 20 amino acids to produce proteins.

• All organisms obtain energy in the same way.

• All organisms reproduce in the same way.

Which is the correct pairing for type of RNA and their process?

• mRNA = translation; tRNA = transcription

• mRNA = transcription; tRNA = translation

• rRNA = transcription; mRNA = replication

• tRNA = replication; rRNA = transcription

In order for protein synthesis to occur, both transcription and translation must occur. Which of the following statements describes the difference between transcription and translation?

• In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is first encoded. Translation is the process of concerting the DNA code into code that RNA can use.

• In transcription, an amino acid chain is encoded in a DNA molecule. Translation is the process of turning the amino acids into nucleic acids in an RNA molecule.

• In transcription, a double helix DNA molecule is split into two separate single strands. Translation is the process of joining each single DNA strand with a single strand of matching RNA.

• In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is transferred to a messenger RNA molecule. Translation is the process of creating an amino acid chain using the encoded messenger RNA.

What process is occurring in Step 1?

• A new rRNA strand is replicated during translation

• A new mRNA strand is produced during transcription

• A complementary DNA strand is produced during replication

• A new set of amino acids are coded for by tRNA during protein formation

Which is these is not a beneficial use of genetic engineering?

• Bacteria modified to resist antibiotics.

• Crops modified to be pest resistant.

• Food modified to have more nutrients

• Production of insulin through bacteria

TRUE OR FALSE: An amino acid can have more than one codon associated with it.

• True

• False

What type of chromosomal mutation causes the genes on the chromosome to swap places?

• deletion

• duplication

• inversion

• translocation

What process is occurring at Point Z?

• Translation

• Transcription

• Replication

• Translocation

How many amino acids are coded by the following DNA segment?

ATC AGC GCT GGC

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Which is these is a downside to genetically engineered crops?

• It decreases genetic diversity my limited the different types of available crops.

• Genetically engineered crops are more productive

• Genetically engineered crops are resistant to disease

• Genetically engineered crops have extra nutrients.