AP BIOLOGY Chapter 40-43

Extinction is a natural phenomenon. It's estimated that 99% of all species that ever lived are now extinct. Why then do we say that we are now experiencing an extinction (loss of biodiversity) crisis?

• Humans are ethically responsible for protecting endangered species

• Scientists have finally identified most of the species on earth and are thus able to quantify the number of species becoming extinct

• The current rate of extinction is high and human activities threaten biodiversity at all levels

• Most biodiversity hot spots have been destroyed by recent ecological disasters

If the sex ratio in a population is significantly different from 50:50, then which of the following will always be true?

• The population will enter the extinction vortex

• The genetic variation in the population will increase over time

• The genetic variation in the population size will be greater than the actual population size

• The effective population size will be less than the actual population size

How has habitat fragmentation related to biodiversity loss?

• less carbon dioxide is absorbed by the plants in fragmented habitats

• in fragmented habitats, more soil erosion takes place

• populations of organisms in fragments are smaller, and thus more susceptible to extinction

• animals are forced out of smaller habitat fragments

if global warming continues at its present rate, which biomes will likely take place of the coniferous forest (taiga)

• tundra and polar ice

• temperate broadleaf forest and grassland

• tropical rainforest and savanna

• chaparral and temperate broadleaf forest

the biggest challenge that Costa Rica will likely face in its dedication to conservation and restoration in the future is

• the pressures of its growing population

• its small size (as a country) which may not be able to maintain large enough reserves

• the potential for disturbance of sensitive species in reserves by ecotourists

• the spread of disease and parasites via corridors from neighboring countries

which of the following is the most sustainable source of energy?

• natural gas used to heat homes

• gasoline used to run cars

• hydroelectric dams

• a coal power plant

assuming that only one quail can occupy a habitat where all cover requirements are met, what is the maximum number of quail that could inhabit any of the hypothetical plots shown?

• 1

• 2

• 6

• 9

which of the following statements best describes the effect of climate on biome distribution?

• seasonal fluctuation of temperature is not a limiting factor in biome distribution if areas have the same annual temperature and precipitation means

• average annual temperature and precipitation are sufficient to predict which biome will be found in the area

• not only is the average climate important in determining biome distribution, but so is the pattern of climatic variation

• temperate forests and grasslands are different biomes because they receive a different quality and quantity of sunlight even though they have the same annual temperature/precipitation

which marine zone has the lowest rates of primary productivity (photosynthesis)?

• pelagie

• abyssal

• neritic

• continental shelf

which of the following are important biotic factors that can affect the structure and organization of biological communities?

• precipitation, wind

• nutrient availability, soil pH

• predation, competition

• temperature, water