immune system

What is the body's first line of defense against infection by foreign organisms?

• antibodies

• lymph nodes

• . white blood cells

• the skin

Phagocytes perform which of the following functions in the human body?

• They produce antibodies.

• They bind to antigens and develop into plasma cells.

• They form a barrier against pathogens.

• They engulf and destroy bacteria.

When a person is vaccinated, what are they injected with?

• antibodies to a disease bacterium

• live, inactive viruses

• weakened viruses or antigens from the virus

• blood from a person who has had the disease

How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics?

• Neither responds to antibiotics.

• Both respond to antibiotics.

• Viral diseases respond to antibiotics; bacterial diseases do not.

• Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral diseases do not.

1. The human immune system can produce a specific response or a nonspecific response to infection. Which of the following is a specific immune response of the human immune system?

• fever

• inflamation

• antibodies

• Interferon

In the immune system’s specific response, white blood cells can target specific types of disease-causing microbes. How do white blood cells recognize invading microbes?

• Receptor proteins on their surfaces bind to specific antigens.

• Helper T cells release antibodies that bind with the antigens

• A. Natural killer cells puncture and destroy the infected body cells.

• Plasma cells bind to the viral antigens and mark them for destruction.

Two types of white blood cells are macrophages and natural killer cells. How are the roles of a macrophage and a natural killer cell different?

• Macrophages target specific cells, while natural killer cells kill all pathogens.

• Macrophages ingest pathogens and dead cells, while natural killer cells only target cancer cells.

• Macrophages attack lymph cells, and natural killer cells clean up debris from dead cells.

• Macrophages ingest and kill pathogens, while natural killer cells puncture the cell membranes of infected cells.

After an initial infection, B-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response?

• The B-cells use this recognition to defend the body against other pathogens, such as bacteria

• The B-cells more quickly recognize and respond to any other virus that invades the body

• The B-cells produce antibodies more quickly if the measles virus is encountered again.

• The B-cells transfer this recognition to T-cells, which will then devour the viruses.

Which of the following is an example of naturally acquired passive immunity?

• a person receiving a vaccination from a doctor

• a child being exposed to a disease and producing memory cells

• a baby receiving antibodies from the mother's breast milk

• a person having an immune response to a normally harmless antigen

What type of pathogen are targeted by antibiotics?

• Fungi

• bacteria

• protista

• virus