Unit 5: Early Republic

After losing reelection in 1800, Adams’ administration filled the courts with Federalist judges. Why did they do this?

• Jefferson was planning to remove all Federalist judges from the courts.

• Adams was angry over Jefferson’s campaign against him.

• Appointing justices that serve life terms would allow Federalist laws and policies to continue.

• Adams hoped the Supreme Court would overturn the election results.

The Congress shall have Power...To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.U.S. Constitution - Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18 (known as the Elastic Clause)

Alexander Hamilton used the above clause to justify:

• establishing the Bank of the U.S.

• writing the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

• supporting John Adams for reelection in 1800

• creating the Democratic-Republican Party

Which problem did George Washington encounter when he became president?

• The Articles of Confederation needed to be replaced with a stronger constitution.

• Great Britain was refusing to trade with the United States.

• Southern states were threatening to secede from the Union.

• The United States had large debts from the American Revolution.

Use the visual below to answer question 5.

The Whiskey Rebellion

The Bank of the United States

The Alien and Sedition Acts

Marbury v. Madison

The list provides examples of -

• issues leading to the ratification of the first constitutional amendments

• topics discussed during the Second Constitutional Convention

• domestic issues faced by the leaders of the new republic

• weaknesses of the government under the Articles of Confederation

After the War of 1812, thousands of settlers and immigrants moved to the western frontiers of the United States in search of farming and business opportunities. In response, the government began building roads. This transportation network was intended to -

• establish federal control over industry

• promote the free-enterprise system

• discourage the organization of new territories

• prevent border disputes between states

Use the visual below to answer the question

limited government interference in business

prices determined by supply and demand

private owners receive the profits

Which type of economy is best described by these characteristics?

• free enterprise

• mercantilism

• subsistence farming

• socialism

American political parties developed during the late 18th century partly as a result over a disagreement on -

• the idea of neutrality

• the court system

• the power of the President

• how to interpret the Constitution

Federalists and Democratic-Republicans emerged as separate political parties partly as a result of disagreements over what?

• whether to enforce the Monroe Doctrine

• whether to approve the Declaration of Independence

• how the nation should admit new states

• how the nation should develop economically

Which of the following is an example of Democratic-Republican ideals in our government?

• reducing the size of the federal government

• proposing amendments to Congress

• sending ambassadors to improve relations with Great Britain

• appointing opposing political leaders in administrative positions

“Educate and inform the whole mass of the people...They are the only sure reliance for the preservation of our liberty.”

- Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican)

“The people are turbulent and changing, they seldom judge or determine right.”

- Alexander Hamilton (Federalist)

The above quotes reflect the differences over which issue:

• industry or agriculture as the primary economy

• national or state as the more powerful government

• foreign relations with European countries

• limiting or expanding voting rights